Materials Literature
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Measurements of the temperature dependent transport properties of epitaxial BaTiO3 are reported. Electrical resistivity and thermoelectric power were measured over the temperature range of 77–300 K. Room temperature resistivities of the as-deposited, undoped films range from 105 to 108 Ω cm, while values as low as 55…
We report the properties of an all-solid-state electrochromic (EC) device that can be switched over a useful range of optical transmissions with voltages below 1 V. This switching voltage is smaller than required by other solid-state EC devices reported to date. We attribute the lower-than-normal switching voltage to…
The hexagonal ZnS nanocrystals were synthesized in polymer matrix. The ZnS polymer composite doped with tetraphenylbenzidine (TPB) as light-emitting layer was used to fabricate a single layer structure light-emitting diode which has a low turn on voltage such as 2.5 V. The electroluminescence spectrum was obtained at…
Oriented thin-film tin-doped indium oxide (ITO) was heteroepitaxially grown on optically polished (100) or (111) planes of single-crystalline yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) substrates using e-beam evaporation or dc magnetron sputtering techniques. Pole figure x-ray diffraction analyses revealed that the heteroepitax…
The intra-4f transition close to 1.54 \ensuremath{\mu}m of Er implanted into Si shows rich fine structure due to the crystal field of different defect types. Making use of the influence of implantation and annealing parameters, additional doping, temperature, and excitation power, we identify groups of lines belonging…
The response of aluminum oxide-filled poly(dimethyl siloxane) and poly(diphenylsiloxane-co-dimethylsiloxane) elastomers, containing 3–24 mol % diphenylsiloxane, to cyclic stress at elevated temperatures (dynamic creep) was evaluated. The materials could be divided into two classes, based on their response to the appli…
The excitons in near-surface ${\mathrm{In}}_{x}{\mathrm{Ga}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}\mathrm{As}/\mathrm{GaAs}$ QW's have been investigated by photoluminescence excitation and magnetophotoluminescence spectroscopy. The dielectric enhancement of excitons is demonstrated by measuring the splitting of the $2s$ and $1s$ exciton…
We have used photoemission and electron-energy-loss spectroscopies to determine the surface and bulk electronic structure of a single-crystal sample of the alkali-metal oxide ${\mathrm{Li}}_{2}$O. The predominately O 2p valence band exhibits two main features in the photoemission spectrum, whose relative widths are co…
A Raman study of La-doped lead zirconate titanate ceramics with La/Zr/Ti ratios of 9/65/35 and 12/40/60 has been undertaken in order to compare the onset of ferroelectric order in these two compositions. Some features, such as a splitting of a threefold degenerate T1u mode of the cubic structure into at least two line…
This redetermination of the structure of l-cysteine, C3H7NO2S, forms part IV in the series of crystal structures of hydrophobic amino acids. The thiol groups of the two molecules in the asymmetric unit are involved in S-H⋯O and S-H⋯S interactions. The associated C-S bond lengths are significantly different. The absolu…
The energetical advantage of diamond in comparison with graphite caused by small particle sizes is established by modeling and computation of free energy. The results, obtained for low external pressure, P\ensuremath{\simeq}0, and for temperatures up to 1100 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C, indicate that diamond…
Highly random copolymers of ϵ-caprolactone (CL) and D,L-lactide (LA) were synthesized by a new catalyst system, rare earth chloride–propylene oxide (PO) system. In the presence of propylene oxide, all rare earth chlorides tested are highly effective for the copolymerization. The influences of reaction conditions on th…
Monte Carlo computer simulations were carried out on filled networks of poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS), which were modeled as composites of crosslinked chains and randomly arranged spherical filler particles. The primary concern of the investigation was the effect of the excluded volume of these particles on the elasto…
A systematic study of the dependence of photoluminescence from porous silicon (PS) on oxidation extent and measurement temperature is given. Oxidation of PS samples at room temperature up to 200 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C results in photoluminescence spectra with maxima centered around 1.7 eV. The photolumin…
The relative stability and charge-transfer behavior of ${\mathrm{C}}_{3}$B ordered phases were investigated using the ab initio pseudopotential method. The total energies as well as the cohesive energies of four possible ordered structures of the ${\mathrm{C}}_{3}$B were calculated at 0 K by relaxing both the unit-cel…
The fine structure of the lowest (1${\mathit{S}}_{3/2}$, 1${\mathit{s}}_{\mathrm{e}}$) electron-hole pair state has been studied for CdSe quantum dots embedded in glass and with sizes R${\mathit{a}}_{\mathit{B}}$. Besides the very narrow peaks from the exchange-split lowest pair states (full width at half maximum of 2…
Equilibrium and dynamic sorption isotherm measurements, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements, and, mainly, dielectric relaxation spectroscopy (DRS) measurements by means of the thermally stimulated depolarization currents (TSDC) method were used to investigate the hydration properties of linear segment…
Interfacial agents used in the compatibilization of immiscible polymer blends often consist of block copolymers containing at least one segment compatible with each of the two phases of the blend. This work examines the influence of the molecular weight, architecture, and chemical composition of the interfacial agent…
A method using a hydrogen arc for synthesizing large quantities of carbon nanotubes filled with pure copper is reported. The interaction of small copper clusters with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is shown to form carbon nanotubes and encapsulated copper nanowires. The effectiveness of this model is demonstr…
Chalcogenide Glasses - A Peculiar Class of Vitreous Substances Methods for Synthesis of Chalcogenide Glasses Laboratory Method for the Synthesis of Optical Chalcogenide Glasses Safety Measures for Manufacturing and Treatment of Chalcogenide Glasses Evaluation of the Quality of Chalcogenide Glasses X-Ray Phase Analysis…