Materials Literature
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A theory of the long-wavelength low-energy electronic structure of graphite-derived nanotubules is presented. The propagating $\ensuremath{\pi}$ electrons are described by wrapping a massless two dimensional Dirac Hamiltonian onto a curved surface. The effects of the tubule size, shape, and symmetry are included throu…
We attribute similarities in the rheology of many soft materials (foams, emulsions, slurries, etc.) to the shared features of structural disorder and metastability. A generic model for the mesoscopic dynamics of ``soft glassy matter'' is introduced, with interactions represented by a mean-field noise temperature $x$.…
Abstract Stress corrosion cracking (SCC) and hydrogen embrittlement (HE) susceptibility of three different steels were determined using the methodology of the slow strain rate (SSR) testing as currently discussed within ASTM G129 and more specifically in the proposed NACE T-1F-9e test method. The materials included 13…
Abstract This paper evaluates the internal lining solutions to the problem of microbial induced corrosion in municipal wastewater applications as it relates to reinforced concrete pipe used in new or replacement construction. Microbial Induced Corrosion (MIC), commonly referred to as hydrogen sulfide (H2S) corrosion,…
Abstract The paper discusses the application and partitioning behaviour of water-dispersible corrosion inhibitors in 2-phase production/pipeline systems with condensate as the hydrocarbon phase. The practice of using the residual corrosion inhibitor concentration to monitor systems protection and to adjust treatment l…
Abstract Two types of corrosion inhibitors are studied in laboratory tests simulating batch and continuous treatment methods. Type I is an inhibitor which is adsorbed on the corrosion product layer and forms an inhibitor film. Type II reacts with the corrosion product layer to form a protective film. With both inhibit…
Abstract Scale control at high LSI and high pH without acid feed is difficult to achieve. The problem dramatically increases in cooling towers when PVC tower film fill is used. Compounds that are able to enhance the performance of typical scale inhibitors have been developed. When topped off with these enhancing compo…
Abstract This study presents a quick and easy to implement Vapor Phase Corrosion Inhibitor (VCI) testing procedure which is capable of validating the protective effects of VCI foils in connection with various, electrically conductive, connected metals. Furthermore it may be used to demonstrate the effects of VCI for p…
Abstract Corrosion of aluminum-clad spent nuclear fuel being stored in the light-water filled basins at the Savannah River Site was first observed in mid-1991. A corrosion surveillance program was initiated at that time in the P, K, and L-Reactor basins and in the Receiving Basin for Offsite Fuels (RBOF). This program…
Abstract The sulfide stress cracking susceptibility of high strength steels used for oil grade tubulars (OCTG) was found to correlate with the hydrogen concentration inside the metal, in equilibrium with the H2S saturated solution at different temperatures and pH values. This correlation can be applied to extrapolate…
Abstract Stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of chloride exposed stainless steels under evaporative conditions has for long been recognized as a factor that needed special attention. In this investigation the SCC resistance of welded and rolled UNS S31803, UNS S32760 and UNS S31254 has been studied. The intention of the p…
Abstract The progressing cavity (PC) pump is well established as the pump of choice for handling abrasive solids. PC pump design can be optimized to achieve the best wear performance available for a given size. The wear optimization of the PC pumps is achieved through geometric design for minimum internal fluid veloci…
Abstract Synthetic iron oxides (goethite, aFeO·OH; hematite, Fe2O3; and ferrihydrite, Fe(OH)3) were used as model compounds to simulate the mineralogy of passivating films on carbon steel. Dissolution of these oxides exposed to pure cultures of the metal-reducing bacterium, Shewanella putrefaciens, was followed by dir…
Recent experiments and realistic flux-gradient-driven computer simulations provide evidence of plastic flow of flux lines in a superconductor. The striking videos of the onset of vortex motion vividly illustrate the existence of flowing "rivers" of quantized magnetic flux that intermittently form, freeze, and reappear…
We present two continuum models A and B to study the convective instability of granular materials subjected to vibrations. We carry out the linear stability analysis for model A and uncover the instability mechanism as a supercritical bifurcation of a bouncing solution. We also explicitly determine the onset of convec…
The kinetics of the oxidation of carbon monoxide on Pt(111) surfaces was studied isothermally by using an effusive directional molecular beam in an arrangement based on a variation of the dynamic method originally devised by King and Wells. Three temperature regimes were identified for this reaction on surfaces precov…
A functional integral formalism is used to derive the extension of a stiff chain subject to an external force. The force versus extension curves are calculated using a mean-field approach in which the hard constraint u2(s)=1 is replaced by a global constraint 〈u2(s)〉=1 where u(s) is the tangent vector describing the c…
A new method is presented for performing first-principles molecular-dynamics simulations of systems with variable occupancies. We adopt a matrix representation for the one-particle statistical operator Gamma, to introduce a ``projected'' free energy functional G that depends on the Kohn-Sham orbitals only and that is…
In this paper we discuss a new generalized time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau theory for the numerical calculation of polymer phase separation kinetics in 3D. The thermodynamic forces are obtained by a mean-field density functional method, using a Gaussian chain as a molecular model. The method is especially aimed at desc…
A series of copolyether macrodiols was prepared from either 1,10-decanediol or 1,6-hexanediol, by acid-catalyzed condensation polymerization using several comonomers to investigate the effect of copolymerization on reducing macrodiol crystallinity. The comonomers used to disrupt crystallinity included 2,2-diethyl-1,3-…