Materials Literature
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Fully dense fine‐grained ZrB 2 ‐ and HfB 2 ‐based composites contaning 15 vol% TaSi 2 were produced by hot pressing at 1850°–1900°C. Gas formation and mass loss, which occurred during sintering in both systems, were in agreement with thermodynamic predictions. In both composites, the presence of a solid solution forme…
Biomaterials constructed from self-assembling peptides, peptide derivatives, and peptide-polymer conjugates are receiving increasing attention as defined matrices for tissue engineering, controlled therapeutic release, and in vitro cell expansion, but many are constructed from peptide structures not typically found in…
Diamond is a leading contender as the material of choice for the quantum computer industry. This potential arises mainly from the quantum properties of color centers in diamond. However, before diamond can realize its full potential, the technology to fabricate and sculpt diamond as well as, if not better than, silico…
Enzymes of the glyoxylate shunt are important for the virulence of pathogenic organisms such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Candida albicans. Two isoforms have been identified for malate synthase, the second enzyme in the pathway. Isoform A, found in fungi and plants, comprises approximately 530 residues, whereas i…
Wetting and dewetting phenomena are ubiquitous, but wetting transitions have been reported only in a few experimental systems. In this work, we present a wetting transition in a mesoscopic membrane compartment for the first time. A two-phase aqueous polymer solution was encapsulated in a giant vesicle (few tens of mic…
The formation of BaTiO 3 nanoparticles by a solid‐state reaction between nanocrystalline raw materials BaCO 3 and TiO 2 was studied as a function of temperature (400°–800°C), time (1–24 h), and titania particle size (15 and 30 nm). The reaction starts at 500°C and a high reaction rate is already observed at 600°C for…
Abstract We note that many potential applications of diamond do not require single crystalline diamond, but use nano‐crystalline diamond, in order to have a smooth surface at low cost. We thus compare the possible use of amorphous diamond‐like carbon which is smooth, inert and can be deposited at high rate even at roo…
Microstructure analysis indicates that Te/Bi core/shell nanowires are formed by a solution phase epitaxial growth process. The obtained Te/Bi core/shell nanowire composites possess a greatly enhanced Seebeck coefficient and a lowered thermal conductivity.
Observations by in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) reveal the changes in domains morphology in 0.885(Bi 1/2 Na 1/2 )TiO 3 –0.05(Bi 1/2 K 1/2 )TiO 3 –0.015(Bi 1/2 Li 1/2 )TiO 3 –0.05BaTiO 3 ceramics. Evolution of the macroscopic ferroelectric domains has been observed at 25°–180°C. The ferroelectric domains…
We present a detailed study of the static enhancement effects of electric charges in micrometer-long single-walled carbon nanotubes, using theoretically an atomic charge-dipole model and experimentally electrostatic force microscopy. We demonstrate that nanotubes exhibit at their ends surprisingly weak charge enhancem…
The discovery of high-temperature superconductivity in copper oxides was not accidental, but was based on the knowledge that the divalent copper ion, Cu2+, is one of the strongest Jahn–Teller ions. The Jahn–Teller effect is a consequence of the interplay between electronic degeneracy and coupling to the lattice, i.e.…
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs), because of their wide application, will inevitably enter aquatic systems, but the fate and transport of their suspensions in the environment are largely unknown. Clay minerals are expected to interact with CNT suspensions, affecting their fate and bioavailability. This study investigated the i…
This article describes a simple approach to anisotropic Au nanostructures with various shapes by reducing HAuCl 4 with poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) in aqueous solutions without the use of any additional capping agent or reductant. In this approach, the commercially available PVP servers as a mild reducing agent thank…
The inclusion of highly anisotropic clay nanoparticles (nanoclays) in cross-linked natural rubber (NR) provides a more homogeneous distributed network structure and induces an early onset as well as enhancement of crystallization under uniaxial deformation. The molecular structure of the polymer network and its morpho…
Metal organic framework-5 (MOF-5) was recently suggested to possess an exceptionally large negative thermal-expansion coefficient. Our direct experimental measurement of the thermal expansion of MOF-5 using neutron powder diffraction, in the temperature range of 4 to 600 K, shows that the linear thermal-expansion coef…
We present new simulation results for the specific heat in a classical model of a binary mixture glass-former in two dimensions. We show that in addition to the formerly observed specific heat peak there is a second peak at lower temperatures which was not observable in earlier simulations. This is a surprise, as most…
When an excess charge carrier is added to a one-dimensional (1D) semiconductor immersed in a polar solvent, the carrier can undergo self-localization into a large-radius adiabatic polaron. We explore the local optical absorption from the ground state of 1D polarons using a simplified theoretical model for small-diamet…
We develop the cluster self-consistent field method incorporating both electronic and lattice degrees of freedom to study the origin of ferromagnetism in Cs$_{2}$AgF$_{4}$. After self-consistently determining the harmonic and anharmonic Jahn-Teller distortions, we show that the anharmonic distortion stabilizes the sta…
We demonstrate voltage control of the magnetic anisotropy of a (Ga,Mn)As device bonded to a piezoelectric transducer. The application of a uniaxial strain leads to a large reorientation of the magnetic easy axis, which is detected by anisotropic magnetoresistance measurements. Calculations based on the mean-field kine…
A series of dimesitylboron (B)- or ditolylamino (N)-substituted ladder-type pentaphenylenes (PP) has been designed and synthesized. The UV-vis absorption spectra of compounds BPPN, BPPB, and NPPN reveal an identical maximum wavelength at 432 nm, which indicates that the B and N centers have very similar contributions…