Materials Literature
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A versatile Monte Carlo program for quantitative particle analysis in electron probe X-ray microanalysis is presented. The program includes routines for simulating electron-solid interactions in microparticles lying on a flat surface and calculating the generated X-ray signal. Simulation of the whole X-ray spectrum as…
The combination of two design strategies for engineering large second-order nonlinear optical polarizabilities is critically analyzed and contrasted with a recent limiting theory for nonlinear molecular polarizabilities. Elongation of the conjugation path length and N -arylation in stilbazolium chromophores both are e…
The phase behavior of eight poly(styrene- b -isoprene) diblock copolymers in the neutral solvent dioctyl phthalate (DOP) has been examined over the full concentration (φ) range and from room temperature up to 250 °C. The copolymer compositions ( f ) ranged from 0.15 to 0.76, and molecular weights were chosen to make t…
Piezoelectric constant and temperature-dependent dielectric constant measurements have been performed on ⟨110⟩-oriented (1 − x )Pb (Mg 1/3 Nb 2/3 )O 3 – x PbTiO 3 crystals with different compositions under different poling fields. The width of the morphotropic phase boundary region (0.30 < x < 0.35) is determined on t…
Single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) and their fluorinated derivatives (F-SWNTs) were reacted with organic peroxides including benzoyl and lauroyl peroxide to produce phenyl and undecyl sidewall functionalized SWNTs, respectively, which were characterized by Raman, FTIR, and UV-Vis-NIR spectra as well as TGA/MS, TGA/F…
Abstract Sponge gourd ( Luffa cylindrica ) forms a natural mat that deviates the crack path in brittle thermoset resin matrix composites, leading to a controlled fracture mode and increasing the toughness of the composite. The use of luffa as reinforcement is, however, restricted by a very weak fiber–matrix interface.…
A review of the engineering theory and the sensing element applications of the magnetostrictive delay line (MDL) technique is presented. The state of the art of magnetic materials and effects used in sensor design is overviewed and the operation of MDLs and their basic engineering properties are discussed. The resulti…
The reaction of racemic 5,5′,6,6′- tetramethyl-3,3′-di-tert-butyl-1,1′-biphenyl-2,2′-diol (biphenolate-H2) with 4 mol equiv. of nBuLi yields [(μ3,μ3-biphenolate)2Li4(nBuLi)4] (1) in high yield. 1 further reacts with 4 mol equiv. of 2,4-dimethyl-3-pentanol in the presence of tetrahydrofuran (THF) or cyclohexene oxide (…
We report on the transient-enhanced shape transformation of nano-structured Si(001) surfaces upon in vacuo annealing at relatively low temperatures of 1175K - 1225K for a few minutes. We find dramatic surface mass transport concomitant with the development of low-energy facets on surfaces that are covered by native ox…
We present results of the magneto-crystalline anisotropy energy (MAE) calculations for chemically ordered $L1_0$ CoPt and FePt alloys taking into account the effects of strong electronic correlations and spin-orbit coupling. The local spin density + Hubbard U approximation (LSDA+U) is shown to provide a consistent pic…
We measure phonon dispersion and linewidth in a single crystal of MgB_2 along the Gamma-A, Gamma-M and A-L directions using inelastic X-Ray scattering. We use Density Functional Theory to compute the effect of both electron-phonon coupling and anharmonicity on the linewidth, obtaining excellent agreement with experime…
Based on ab initio total energy calculations we show that two magnetic states of rhodium atoms together with competing ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic exchange interactions are responsible for a temperature induced metamagnetic phase transition, which experimentally is observed for stoichiometric alpha-FeRh. A fir…
Assemblies consisting of nanosized silver particles, 4-aminothiophenol, and the smooth macroscopic surface of silver metal (Ag/PATP/Ag) were prepared and characterized by surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. The Raman spectrum of 4-aminothiophenol in the assemblies is similar to that obtained on the electrochemically…
We study atomistically the fracture of single crystal silicon at atomically sharp notches with opening angles of 0 degrees (a crack), 70.53 degrees, 90 degrees and 125.3 degrees. Such notches occur in silicon that has been formed by etching into microelectromechanical structures and tend to be the initiation sites for…
The bandstructure of pentacene is calculated using first-principles density functional theory. A large anisotropy of the hole and electron effective masses within the molecular planes is found. The band dispersion of the HOMO and the LUMO is analyzed with the help of a tight-binding fit. The anisotropy is shown to be…
Measurements of light emission from a scanning tunneling microscope probing a Na overlayer on the (111) surface of Cu are reported along with results of a model calculation that essentially agree with the experimental ones. The observed light emission spectra show two characteristic features depending on the bias volt…
Plasma treatment of polymers encompasses a variety of plasma technologies and polymeric materials for a wide range of applications and dates back to at least the 1960s. In this article we provide a brief review of the United States patent literature on plasma surface modification technologies and a brief review of the…
Experiments designed to investigate surface degradation of XLPE by corona discharges between circular electrodes are described. Charge injection behavior was also studied by measuring the surface potential V/sub s/, which was found to be radially symmetrical and strongly influenced by the particular conditions of the…
The damage in power capacitor dielectrics by harmonics in power networks is investigated. Five typical distorted waves generated by an HV (high-voltage) harmonic testing installation were recorded in tests of four model types of capacitors. Results show that all waves containing harmonics of different order have damag…
A solar photovoltaic (PV) thermoelectric generator (TEG) hybrid system combines the economics of a solar photovoltaic system with the reliability and heating capability of a thermoelectric generator system. The solar system provides power during seasons with abundant sunshine while the thermoelectric generator system…