Materials Literature
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Molecular-dynamics simulations of 15 000 and ${10}^{6}$ particles have been performed to study the onset of crystallization in supercooled Lennard-Jones liquids. The calculations were performed by suddenly cooling an equilibrated liquid and calculating the subsequent time evolution of the system (at constant energy an…
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTWeak polyelectrolytes between two surfaces: adsorption and stabilizationMarcel R. Bohmer, Olaf A. Evers, and Jan M. H. M. ScheutjensCite this: Macromolecules 1990, 23, 8, 2288–2301Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published i…
For many years the effects of a static or dynamic electric field upon electronic motion in a molecule have been studied. These effects have been described in terms of multipolar electronic polarizabilities and higher-order hyperpolarizabilities. Much less attention, however, has been paid to the effects of an electric…
Austenitic nickel-base alloys such as alloys 600 (UNS(1) N06600), 690 (UNS N06690), and X-750 (UNS N07750) have been found to be highly susceptible to environmentally-induced intergranular cracking. It is now well established that the structure and chemistry of grain boundaries play an important role in this process.…
The geometry of a random dense packing of disks of equal size obtained by compacting a random sequential adsorption configuration is discussed. The configuration is shown to be without any long-ranged order, and no local configurations of ordered domains were found. The fraction of area covered by disks is \ensuremath…
This book discusses the development of polymeric materials over the last 30 years. The chemist's ability to manipulate structure and tailor the properties of organic materials for specific applications is presented. The phenomenal success of polymer chemistry is addressed. The need for a research base in multiphase po…
It has been found that X‐ray amorphous silica glasses containing up to 18% carbon can be synthesized using a sol/gel process. In this study, the sols were prepared using four different organometallic precursors—methyl‐, ethyl‐, propyl‐, and phenyltrimethoxysilanes. 1 H NMR, 13 C NMR, and TGA revealed that the methoxy…
In this paper we extend the Van der Waals–Cahn–Hilliard theory of phase transitions to the case of a mixture of n non-interacting fluids. By describing the state of the mixture as given by a vector density function u = (u_1, …, u_n) , the problem consists in studying the asymptotic behaviour as \mathrm{\varepsilon }\r…
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThermal degradation of microbial copolyesters: poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate)Masao Kunioka and Yoshiharu DoiCite this: Macromolecules 1990, 23, 7, 1933–1936Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1990Publication Histor…
A new methodology in computational micromechanics, dislocation dynamics (DD), is introduced. Dislocation dynamics is developed for examining the dynamic behavior of dislocation distributions in solid materials. Under conditions of externally applied stress, dislocations exhibit glide with a velocity proportional to a…
Abstract Surface oxidation reactions of cobalt, molybdenum and mixed cobalt–molybdenum metals have been investigated using x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The oxide stoichiometries have been determined from XPS intensity measurements. Such quantification has been important in identifying oxide compositions wit…
Accurate room-temperature structure analyses have been carried out on the two well known structures of cuprite, Cu2O, and corundum, α-Al2O3, using synchrotron radiation, in order to assess the accuracy of single-crystal X-ray diffraction data that can be obtained with such a source. The two compounds were chosen since…
Given our current expertise, and the certain future devel-opments in genetically altering organisms to produce proteins of modified structure and function, the concept of protein engineering is nearing reality. Similarly, our ability to describe and utilize protein structure and to define interactions with ligands has…
The electron-density map of an Si crystal is drawn by the maximum-entropy method (MEM) with 30 structure factors which were determined very accurately on an absolute scale by the Pendellösung method [Saka & Kato (1986). Acta Cryst. A42, 469-478]. It is shown that the following three beneficial points arise from the us…
A review of the observations of indentation‐induced fracture suggests that there is no simple generalization which may be made concerning crack initiation sequences. Here, we investigate the material dependence of the initiation sequence of indentation cracks (cone, radial, median, half‐penny, and lateral) using an in…
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The use of the thermoelastic martensitic transformation and its reverse transformation has recently been proposed and demonstrated for several active control ap plications. However, the present constitutive models have lacked several important funda mental concepts that are essential for many of the proposed intellige…
The first conducting polymer was reported in 1977 when Shirakawa, MacDiarmid, Heeger and other coworkers1 discovered that polyacetylene (Fig. 1), an organic polymer and electrical insulator, could be converted into an electrical conductor by absorbing a small amount of iodine. Since then, active research has led to th…
The synthesis of highly conducting polyacetylene in the late seventies inaugurated an era of extensive studies of electronic structure and transport in organic polymers. The recent attainment of conductivities in metallic polyacetylene comparable to that of copper is the outcome of major advances in the theoretical un…
Using simple thermodynamic arguements, it is shown that sharp concentration gradients occurring during diffusive mixing of multilayer composites facilitate amorphization by solid-state reaction by reducing or suppressing the driving force for crystallization \ensuremath{\Delta}${\mathit{G}}_{\mathit{a}\mathit{c}}$. As…