Investigation of aqueous sodium metasilicate solutions by 29Si n.m.r. spectroscopy
The presence of a variety of polysilicates, including branched chain species, in aqueous sodium metasilicate solutions has been shown by 29Si n.m.r.
Materials Literature
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Galvanic Cells Containing Cathodes of Iron-Doped Beta-Alumina
Galvanic cells of the form where varied between 0.9 and 1.2 were operated at 120°C, and currents of 50 mA/cm 2 could be drawn. The cells were electrochemically regenerative, and the cathodes could be thermally regenerated. Initial open‐circuit voltages varied between 2.37 and 2.45V. Cells were discharged at constant c…
An electrooptic image storage device using field induced reversible transitions between AFE and FE phases of PLZT ceramics
Field induced reversible transitions between AFE and FE phases of PLZT ceramics are considered to realize a high contrast image storage and display device. The proposed field-induced phase transition takes the material from a non-scattering AFE phase to a scattering FE phase, and returns the material to the original A…
An x-ray diffraction investigation of sulphide spinels
Samples of the metallic spinels CuCr 2 S 4 and CuCo 2 S 4 have been prepared and examined by x-ray diffraction. In each case the spinel pattern was accompanied by a number of weak foreign reflections consistent with the presence of a single impurity phase, identified as γ-CuCrS 2- x and CoS 2 respectively. Careful str…
The Morphology of Anodic Films Formed on Aluminium in Oxalic Acid
SummaryElectron microscopy of carbon replicas taken from outer surfaces, sections and cell base patterns of anodic films, formed in oxalic acid, has enabled relationships between the main film parameters of barrier layer thickness, cell size and pore diameter to be quantified and related to the anodizing variables. In…
Aluminium corrosion studies. I. Potential-pH-temperature diagrams for aluminium
The potential-pH-temperature relationships for the aluminium-water system have been calculated by the methods of de Bethune, Khodakovskiy, Criss and Cobble, and Helgeson and a critical comparison made. The Criss and Cobble method produced the most consistent results and was used to construct a corrosion diagram for th…
Crystal structure of sodium tetratungstate, Na2W4O13
The structure of Na2W4O13 has been determined by Patterson and Fourier methods from 426 independent reflections measured photographically. The basic units, consisting of four edge-shared octahedra, are linked along two crystallographic directions by corner sharing to form octahedral layers, which are held together by…
The role of mosaic block structure on onset of deformation and fatigue of bulk crystallized polyethylene
The influence of the mosaic block structure of bulk-crystallized high-density polyethylene upon deformation within the elastic limit and upon fatigue phenomenon has been extensively studied in the temperature range of the α relaxation mechanism. The magnitude of elastic limit, estimated from two models involving a til…
Recent Survey of Catalysis by Solid Metal Sulfates
The relationships between the surface properties of ionic salts, in particular metal sulfates, and their catalytic activities have intrigued us for some time [l]. They offer a useful model for linking homogeneous to heterogeneous catalysis. A metal sulfate, for example NiSO4·7H2O, develops a significant degree of acid…
Covalent character of lithium compounds studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
Fifteen lithium compounds have been studied as powders and very thin films, and all of them have been found to undergo photoreduction to varying degrees. Photoreduction leads to the formation of lithium oxide and lithium metal which exhibit clear peaks in the X-ray photoelectron spectrum. The presence of lithium compo…
Solid/solution interface equilibria for aromatic molecules adsorbed from non-aromatic media. Part 2.—Aromatic carboxylic acids
Data have been obtained for benzoic acid, 1-naphthoic acid and 2-naphthoic acid adsorption on the carbon blacks Graphon and Spheron 6, and on the oxides Alcoa C730, Alon C, titanium dioxide and Cab–O–Sil using some or all of the solvents cyclohexane, carbon tetrachloride and cyclohexanone. Individual isotherms were ca…
Complex formation between 4,9-diazadodecane-1,12-diamine (spermine) and copper(II) ions and protons in aqueous solution
Equilibrium constants are reported for protonation of the linear tetra-amine 4,9-diazadodecane-1,12-diamine (4,9NH-ddd) and for formation of the complexes [CuL]2+ and [Cu(HL)]3+(L = 4,9NH-ddd) at I= 0·1M-NaCl and 25 °C. The bis(propane-1,3-diamine) complex, [Cu(prd)2]2+, and that formed by the title ligand are of simi…
Preparation, X-ray crystal structure, and magnetic properties of a trinuclear cobalt( II ) carboxylate
The trinuclear complex [Co3(quin)2(PhCO2)6] is produced by the slow reaction of quinoline with ethanolic cobalt(II) benzoate; its molecular structure, determined by X-ray methods, consists of a linear array of cobalt atoms bridged by benzoate groups, but the compound is only very weakly antiferromagnetic.
The impact strength of polycarbonate
An important industrial property of a polymer is its impact strength, the ability to dissipate the energy of an impact, through some mechanical loss process, without breaking. This property may be enhanced through the judicious use of fillers and grafts, yet the reason why one unmodified polymer has a higher impact st…
A determination of the Debye–Waller temperature factor and the X-ray Debye temperature for Ni, Cr, Fe, Mo and W
The integrated intensities of high-order reflexions for Ni, Cr, Fe, Mo, and W powder samples were measured at 296 and 77°K with Mo Kα radiation. The values 397 ± 6, 510 ± 6, 435 ± 6, 407 ± 6, and 333 ± 6°K respectively were obtained for the Debye temperatures after correction for thermal diffuse scattering. These valu…
UV Degradation of Nylon 66
I. INTRODUCTION Ultraviolet radiation, either alone or in combination with oxygen, heavy metals, etc. profoundly influences the mechanical behavior of most polymers. Indeed, the preparation of photodegradable resistant polymers, or of additives to prevent or reduce the photodegradation of polymers, have been major fie…
Trapping and emission centres in thermoluminescent barium sulphate
The nature of trapping and emission centres in various impurity doped BaSO4 phosphors has been investigated by thermoluminescence (glow curves and emission spectra) and esr techniques. The results indicate that anion radicals (such as SO4 −, SO3 −, O3 − etc) that act as trapped hole centres are formed by γ-irradiation…
Morphology and mechanical properties of crystalline polymers. III. Deformation of spherulites in polyethylene
Abstract The behavior of individual spherulites on uniform deformation of bulk polyethylene is studied with a model consisting of a spherical spherulite and a homogeneous matrix having the properties of the polymer. On the basis of this model, the nonaffine or inhomogeneous deformation in the spherulite is found to be…
Hysteresis in rubber vulcanizates
Abstract This paper reviews the studies of the author and colleagues into the mechanisms of hysteresis in polymers. The subjects discussed include low strain amplitude dependence of modulus and hysteresis, stress‐softening effects, the energetics at rupture over a wide temperature range and rate of straining, energy f…
PHENOMENAL TRANSITION OF LIQUID ATOMIZATION FROM DISK
The change of atomization mechanism at the edge of a rotating disk was studied based on theoretical consideration and various experimental data. The flow rate at the transition was determined by seeing directly the transition phenomena with a stroboscope. Four kinds of liquids and five kinds of disks were used in this…