Materials Literature
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Abstract Scan electron micrographs (SEMs), are shown of three representative types of Georgia kaolin: ‘soft’, Cretaceous-age clay; ‘hard’, fine-grained clay; and ‘flint kaolin’. Sparta Granite and a thick deposit of its overlying saprolite are taken to serve as examples of probable source rock for Georgia kaolin. SEMs…
This material, designed as a textbook, is intended for scientists, engineers, and students of textile technology. Chapters: classification of yarns; raw materials; yarn structure; yarn specifications; Mist in yarns; mechanical properties of yarns; uniformity characteristics of yarns; yarns structure in relation to the…
If the trophic niche of a kind of organism is a connected region in niche space, then it is possible for trophic niche overlaps to be described in a one-dimensional niche space if and only if the trophic niche overlap graph is an interval graph. An analysis of 30 food webs, using the combinatorial theory of interval g…
Abstract Plastic deformation and crazes were initiated in polycarbonate bars containing a round notch by three‐point bending. Morphological observations revealed that internal crazes are nucleated by a hydrostatic stress component caused by plastic constraint ahead of the fully developed plastic deformation zone. The…
Abstract Extruded, injection‐molded, unoriented crystallized specimens and capillary rheometer efflux strands of commercially stabilized polypropylene without nucleating agents were examined by optical microscopy and x‐ray diffraction to determine the conditions for β‐form crystallization as a function of the distance…
The electrical conduction in the sintered oxides of the systems Bi 2 O 3 ‐ M 2 O 5 ( M = V , Nb , or Ta ) has been investigated by measuring the conductivity and the ion transference number. The face‐centered cubic (fcc) phase in these systems was found to show a high oxide ion conduction, and this highly conductive p…
Observation of a new phenomenon, the reversible change in sign of charge transferred to a polymer upon sequential contacts with a series of metals, is reported. This observation is interpreted using a model which attributes the polymer charges to the occurrence of local intrinsic molecular-ion states. A phenomenologic…
Abstract The formation of collagen fibrils from soluble monomers and aggregates by thermal gelation at neutral pH can be divided into two distinct stages: a nucleation phase and a growth phase. Turbidity studies of the kinetics of the precipitation reaction show that the lag‐phase time or nucleation reaction time, t ′…
The paper reviews the crystallographic, optical, magnetic and transport properties of silver chalcogenides Ag2S and Ag2Se. In the low temperature β-phases, the influence of stoichiometry on the respective magnitude of ionic and electronic conductivities is important. In the disordered high-temperature α-phases, the ch…
A detailed assignment of the infrared and Raman O–H stretching bands of disordered ice Ih and Ic is proposed. It is based on the assumptions that the spectra of disordered ice Ic are closely related to those of ordered ice Ic, and that the spectra of the as yet unrealized ordered ice Ic can be predicted from the spect…
The effects of wetting by water were determined on the dimensions, birefringences, and force-elongation behavior of major and minor ampullate silk fibers from Araneus diadematus Clerck, and major only from Araneus sericatus Clerck and Araneus gemma (McCook) (all family Araneidae). The values obtained at room condition…
Recently developed rigorous theories have been used to investigate the diffraction efficiency behavior of both blazed and holographic gratings. In order to assist designers of spectrometric systems we have covered a complete range of blaze angles for triangular grooves and modulations for sinusoidal groove shape in fi…
This paper presents a physical description of the action of ZnO varistors, which are complex ceramic bodies of ZnO grains sintered in an oxide flux; their conductivity is very low at low voltage, but becomes high after a certain breakdown voltage is reached. It is found that depletion layers in the ZnO adjacent to the…
Machine learning (ML) is transforming all areas of science. The complex and time-consuming calculations in molecular simulations are particularly suitable for an ML revolution and have already been profoundly affected by the application of existing ML ...Read More
Sea water corrosion studies on Cu-Ni-Fe alloys ranging in nickel content from 0 to 30% and iron content from <0.05 to 2% have demonstrated a synergistic effect between nickel and iron in these copper alloys. This effect is apparent in corrosion data such as low velocity sea water and jet impingement tests, as w…
Solubilities of specially synthesized coarse-grained barite were determined in H/sub 2/O solutions from 22 to 280/sup 0/C and 1 to 1400 bars, and in 0.2 and 4 molal NaCl solutions from 100 to 250/sup 0/C and 1 to 500 bars. Isobaric solubilities are maximum near 100/sup 0/C in H/sub 2/O solutions; the maxima migrate to…
The elastic constants of zinc are compiled and reviewed; one hundred references are cited. The included elastic constants are: Young’s modulus, shear modulus, bulk modulus, compressibility, Poisson’s ratio, second-order single-crystal elastic stiffness and compliances, and third-order, elastic stiffness. Temperature a…
A new numerical method is presented for simultaneous smoothing, desmearing and Fourier transformation of X-ray and neutron small-angle scattering data. The method can only be applied to scattering curves from dilute particle systems, i.e. for scattering media whose distance distributions are zero beyond a certain valu…
A survey is given of the physical properties, composition and crystal structure of intermetallic compounds formed between rare-earth elements and 3d transition elements. Apart from binary compounds the results of pseudobinary series are also considered. The magnetic properties determined by the exchange interactions i…
The basic theory relating to the design of reinforced concrete beam-column joints is reviewed and extended. In particular, the theory of an alternative joint detail using bond plates is developed.