Materials Literature
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The anisotropic magnetoresistance (AMR) has been measured at room temperature on a series of epitaxial iron films of various thicknesses. Seven of the films range in thickness from 5 to 20 nm, and one is 500 nm thick. The resistivity of the films was measured with current along photolithographically defined paths para…
The working refrigerant material in the majority of magnetic refrigerators has been Gd3Ga5O12 (GGG) which has an upper temperature limit near 15 K. In this paper we report on the field-induced adiabatic magnetic entropy change, ΔSm(H,T), of a series of iron-substituted gadolinium garnets (GGIG) Gd3Ga5−xFexO12 which ha…
A free energy model for the inhomogeneous hard-sphere fluid mixture was derived recently [Phys. Rev. Lett. 63, 980 (1989)], which is based on the fundamental geometric measures of the particles. Along with an updated assessment of its accuracy, this model is first generalized for charged hard-sphere fluid mixtures, in…
Currently the materials with the highest thermoelectric figure of merit Z are ${\mathrm{Bi}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Te}}_{3}$ alloys. Therefore these compounds are the best thermoelectric refrigeration elements. However, since the 1960s only slow progress has been made in enhancing Z, either in ${\mathrm{Bi}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Te}…
Quantitative light emission studies of the initiation and early growth stages of electrical treeing in synthetic resins have been undertaken to gain insight into the underlying physical mechanisms responsible for these processes. Mains-synchronous photon detection techniques coupled with an ultra-sensitive photomultip…
Antigen receptor genes are assembled by site-specific DNA rearrangement. The recombination activator genes RAG-1 and RAG-2 are essential for this process, termed V(D)J rearrangement. The activity and stability of the RAG-2 protein have now been shown to be regulated by phosphorylation. In fibroblasts RAG-2 was phospho…
We experimentally demonstrate the phase shift of a microwave signal using the electrically controlled birefringence of a liquid crystal. A phase shift of 20° at 10.5 GHz for an interaction length of 4 cm and an applied voltage of 16 V (electric field : 0.3 V/μm) is obtained.
Abstract Volume 2 deals with those aspects when there is a stronger correlation of the diffraction phenomena with the electron microscope imaging.
Abstract The interaction between lanthanide ions Ln III (Ln = La, Nd, Sm–Dy, Er, Yb) and nitrate ions is investigated by FT‐IR spectroscopy in dilute anhydrous MeCN solution. The work is performed for ratios R = [NO ] t /[Ln III ] t ranging from 0 to 8 and for solutions generally 0.05 M in Ln III , prepared from anhyd…
Abstract The synthesis and luminescence properties are reported for 20 different chelates composed of 2,2′:6′,2″‐terpyridine as the energy‐absorbing and donating group, Eu III and Tb III as the emitting ions, methylenenitrilo(acetic acids) as the stabel chelate‐forming moieties, and isothiocyanato or(4,6‐dichloro‐1,3,…
In order to study the effect of varying chirality on re-entrant phenomena in liquid crystals, we determined temperature-chirality-chain-length phase surfaces for phase transitions in mixtures of racemic and enantiomeric compounds belonging to a novel AZY series. We observed that the location of the chiral nematic-part…
The equilibrium configuration for the core of a (010) screw dislocation in an anthracene crystal was calculated using the atom-atom potential method. It was strongly anisotropic and complicated due to the characteristic shape and dimension of the molecule. The core region did not spread as much as that of a (010)(001)…
The heats of eutectic melting and devitrification, and the specific heats of the crystalline, glass, and liquid phases have been measured for a Ni24Zr76 alloy. The data are used to calculate the Gibbs free-energy difference, ΔGAC, between the real glass and the crystal on an assumption that the liquid-glass transition…
Abstract The crystallization of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) in blends with naturally functionalized triglyceride oils and their networks has been investigated. Crystallization kinetics of PET in the presence of small amounts of castor oil is improved, both in cooling from the melt state, and in heating from the…
The electrical properties of Co1−xZnxFe2O4 (x=0–1) spinel ferrites were investigated by impedance spectroscopy. The grain-boundary resistance was found to increase as a function of composition up to x=0.6, and decreases beyond x=0.6. The variation in the bulk resistance and the activation energy as a function of compo…
A two-dimensional finite element model has been developed for the reactor of W. L. Hsu [Appl. Phys. Lett. 59, 1427 (1991)], focusing on the relative importance of heterogeneous and homogeneous chemistry in the production of atomic hydrogen. Although hot-filament reactors have been the subject of extensive modeling eff…
Equilibrium shapes of a smectic-A phase grown from an isotropic phase have been investigated. An integral equation which describes the equilibrium shapes is derived by taking account of the difference in Gibbs free energy between the smectic-A and the isotropic phase, a curvature elastic energy of the smectic-A phase,…
Time resolved photoluminescence of porous silicon at room temperature was measured for several emission energies under 2 ns nitrogen laser excitation. For each emission energy studied there is a broad distribution of lifetimes extending over a few decades. The mean value of the distribution varies with the emission en…
The effects of mask alignment and etch-depth errors in the array uniformity error U and diffraction efficiency eta of multilevel-grating array illuminators are evaluated numerically. Also demonstrated are 16-level fan-out elements with array size up to 32 x 16, with U = 5%-10% and eta = 83%-92%. These are fabricated w…
Silica Gel--Its History and Formation. The Production of Silica Gel. Test Procedures and LC Column Packing. The Silica Gel Surface. The Exclusion Properties of Silica Gel. Solvent/Solute Interactions with the Silica Gel Surface. An Introduction to Bonded Phases. The Synthesis of Bonded Phases. The Characteristics of R…