Materials Literature
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An X‐ray method to determine the transformation zone size in ceramics containing tetragonal ZrO 2 is described. Results obtained on plane fracture surfaces of various composites were correlated to mechanical property data and TEM observations and were found to be in good agreement. This indicates that the method prese…
A computer program has been written with the aim of calculating the domain of an atom in a structure. The domain may be limited by planes situated half-way between the atoms, or at a distance that takes into account the relative radii of the atoms. Data concerning this domain and the corresponding coordination polyhed…
We have shown experimentally that some cholesteric liquid crystals in cells with parallel or skew director orientations at the two surfaces may be made to have two bistable laminar states that can be switched either way by applying temporary electric potentials between the surfaces. Numerical solutions of the Oseen-Fr…
Abstract Mixed-layer illite/smectite (I/S) was formed by reacting the Chambers or Polkville montmorillonite hydrothermally at 270° and 350°C from several hours to more than 15 weeks. Reactions were conducted in closed vessels containing K or mixed K-Na, K-Ca, or K-Mg solutions of varying concentrations. The reaction r…
Abstract Einkristalle von SrAl 2 O 4 wurden durch Hochtemperaturreaktionen von SrO mit Al 2 O 3 dargestellt und röntgenographisch untersucht (a = 844,7; b = 881,6; c = 516,3 pm;β = 93,4 2 °; Raumgruppe C –;P2 1 , Z = 4). Die Tetraederabfolge in den Sechsringen dieser aufgefüllten Tridymit‐Struktur wird mit der ähnlich…
Using infrared spectroscopy, chemisorbed CO has been employed as a surface probe to observe differences in Rh site distributions on Al2O3-supported Rh. It has been found that higher loadings of Rh lead to Rh site distributions resembling those found on Rh(111) single crystals, whereas low Rh loadings produce isolated…
A method for the deconvolution of the convolution square of a symmetrical function with a limited range of definition is presented. The solution function is approximated by a number of equidistant step functions. This allows the analytical computation of the integrals of overlap in one-dimensional (lamellar) symmetry,…
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChemical derivatization in electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis of surface functional groups introduced on low-density polyethylene filmDennis S. Everhart and Charles N. ReilleyCite this: Anal. Chem. 1981, 53, 4, 665–676Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1981Publicatio…
The product of the grain boundary diffusion coefficient and width, D′δ, has been measured directly for the diffusion of 63Ni along grain boundaries in high-purity NiO. These measurements have been made at an oxygen pressure of 1 atm in the temperature range 500–800°C, and also at an oxygen pressure of 7 × 10−6 atm at…
Local structure in the two-dimensional Gaussian core model at p = 3−1/2 has been anayzed through the topology of nearest- neighbor polygons. Disorder is revealed by the presence of nonhexagonal polygons (disclinations). Near the melting point most disclination polygons have either five or seven sides and these are pre…
The crystal structure of ammonium sulfate is studied at -140, -90, -64 and -53.5°C in the ferroelectric phase, and at -48.5 and -40°C in the paraelectric phase, by the use of the data collected by a four-circle diffractometer. The difference Fourier synthesis at -53.5°C shows a clear indication of the disordering of t…
Abstract Mixed-layer illite/smectite (I/S) clays in lower Eocene sediments of the Texas Gulf Coast decrease in expandability with depth as found in previous studies of clay diagenesis, but at the same depth the 1/S clays from sand laminae tend to be more expandable than clays from adjacent shales. The I/S clays with g…
Optical-absorption and emission spectra and fluorescence lifetimes were measured for Nd3+ in tellurite glasses containing various alkali and higher valence state cations and in a series of new phosphotellurite glasses. Judd-Ofelt intensity parameters were determined and used to calculate radiative lifetimes and stimul…
Abstract Polymers such as polyacetylene, which have an extended π‐electron system in their backbone, or like poly( p ‐phenylene) consist of a sequence of aromatic rings are excellent insulators in their native state and can be transformed by oxidation or reduction in the solid state into conductive CT‐complexes which…
Some of the difficulties in using x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) for the chemical characterization of surfaces are considered. XPS chemical shifts are often quite small, compared to spectral line widths and to the accuracy of the reference data. Moreover, subtle differences in peak shape are often degraded by…
A mathematical model of ductile hole growth under the application of a mean tensile stress is developed and applied to the problem of spallation in solids. The object is to describe dynamic ductile fracture under a wide range of tensile loading conditions. The mathematical model presented here describes both plate-imp…
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElectrochromism in the mixed-valence hexacyanides. 1. Voltammetric and spectral studies of the oxidation and reduction of thin films of Prussian blueD. Ellis, M. Eckhoff, and V. D. NeffCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1981, 85, 9, 1225–1231Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1981Publ…
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEArticleNEXTCrystallographic refinement and atomic models of a human Fc fragment and its complex with fragment B of protein A from Staphylococcus aureus at 2.9- and 2.8-.ANG. resolutionJohann DeisenhoferCite this: Biochemistry 1981, 20, 9, 2361–2370Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1981Publ…
The Rietveld [J. Appl. Cryst. (1969), 2, 65–71] method of structure refinement from powder diffraction patterns is widely used with neutron data and increasingly so with X-ray data. A computer program for the application of the method with X-ray data, or with neutron nuclear scattering data, has been written ab initio…
A broad review of recent research work on the preparation and the remarkable properties of intercalation compounds of graphite, covering a wide range of topics from the basic chemistry, physics and materials science to engineering applications.