Materials Literature
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Nitroaromatic compounds (NACs) including a number of priority pollutants such as explosives (e.g., TNT) and herbicides (e.g., DNOC) have been shown to adsorb strongly and specifically at natural clays. In situ spectroscopic techniques ( 13 C-NMR, ATR-FTIR, UV/VIS, XRD) were applied to investigate the adsorption mechan…
Nonlinear conduction in the quasi-one dimensional conductor o-TaS_3 has been studied in the low-temperature region down to 30 mK. It was found that at temperatures below a few Kelvins the current-voltage (I-V) characteristics consist of several branches. The temperature evolution of the I-V curve proceeds through sequ…
Abstract The diatom genus Tetracyclus Ralfs (Bacillariophyta) is composed largely of extinct, freshwater species many of which have been used as stratigraphic markers across several continents under the assumption that they are relatively widespread and confined to precise geological epochs. Until recently the taxonom…
We show that the infinite percolating cluster (with density P_inf) of central-force networks is composed of: a fractal stress-bearing backbone (Pb) and; rigid but unstressed ``dangling ends'' which occupy a finite volume-fraction of the lattice (Pd). Near the rigidity threshold pc, there is then a first-order transiti…
We use a new algorithm to find the stress-carrying backbone of ``generic'' site-diluted triangular lattices of up to 10^6 sites. Generic lattices can be made by randomly displacing the sites of a regular lattice. The percolation threshold is Pc=0.6975 +/- 0.0003, the correlation length exponent ν=1.16 +/- 0.03 and the…
Defining Interfacial Engineering. Interaction Forces in Interfacial Systems. General Properties of Systems Containing Fluid Interfaces. Colloids. Amphiphilic Systems--Liquid-Liquid Interfaces. Polymers. Polymer Composites. Liquid Coating Processes. General Properties of Crystalline Solid Surfaces. Thin Films--Solid-So…
A new halogen-free intumescent flame-retardant system was developed using melamine phosphates and 5,5,5′,5′,5″,5″- hexamethyltris (1,3,2- dioxaphosphorinanemethan) amine 2,2′,2″-trioxide (XPM-1000, Monsanto Co.). This intumescent system, optimally at a weight ratio of about 1 : 2, showed effective flame retardancy by…
A series of polyesters was synthesized by the bulk polycondensations of the respective combinations of three stereoisomeric 1,4 : 3,6-dianhydrohexitols [1,4 : 3,6-dianhydro-D-glucitol (1), 1,4 : 3,6-dianhydro-D-mannitol (2), and 1,4 : 3,6-dianhydro-L-iditol (3)] with succinyl dichloride (4a), glutaryl dichloride (4b),…
Copolymerization of 4-vinylpyridine (4VP) with styrene (St) was performed in ethanol using 2,2′-azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as an initiator, and then a random copolymer P(4VP–St) was obtained. A soluble pyridinium-type polymer containing N-benzyl-4-vinylpyridinium bromide [Q-P(4VP–St)], was prepared by quaternizatio…
The hot-wire standard technique, mostly used for ceramic materials, was adapted to determine the thermal conductivity of nylon 6,6, polypropylene, poly(vinyl chloride), and poly(methyl methacrylate). The results obtained showed that the hot-wire standard technique can be used with accuracy and reproducibility to measu…
The modeling of network properties of copolyurethane systems of varying compositions based on hydroxy-terminated polybutadiene and poly(12-hydroxy stearic acid-co-TMP) ester polyol (PEP), a copolyester polyol derived from 12-hydroxy stearic acid and trimethylol propane, crosslinked by different triols, and cured by va…
The modeling of network properties of copolyurethane systems of varying compositions based on hydroxy-terminated polybutadiene and poly(12-hydroxy stearic acid–co–TMP) ester polyol (PEP), a copolyester polyol derived from 12-hydroxy stearic acid and trimethylol propane, crosslinked by different triols, and cured by va…
A series of polyesters was synthesized by the bulk polycondensations of the respective combinations of three stereoisomeric 1,4 : 3,6-dianhydrohexitols [1,4 : 3,6-dianhydro-D-glucitol (1), 1,4 : 3,6-dianhydro-D-mannitol (2), and 1,4 : 3,6-dianhydro-L-iditol (3)] with succinyl dichloride (4a), glutaryl dichloride (4b),…
The fate of a racemic lactic acid polymer (PLA50) was investigated by allowing parallelepiped plates of PLA50 to age in liquid medium containing a mixed culture of Fusarium moniliforme and Pseudomonas putida at 30°C. Microbial activity was monitored by measuring pH, lactic acid formation by high-performance liquid chr…
The reaction of a Ti Me species with carbon monoxide occurred with the complete cleavage of the C O bond and formation of the Ti O unit, while the [Me C] fragment homologated a pyrrole to a 4-methylpyridine ring within the meso -octaethyl tris(pyrrole)−mono(pyridine) macrocycle.
The series of complexes Au(C⋮CR)(PPh 3 ) (R = Ph ( 2 ), 4-C 6 H 4 NO 2 ( 3 ), 4,4‘-C 6 H 4 C 6 H 4 NO 2 ( 4 ), ( E )-4,4‘-C 6 H 4 CH CHC 6 H 4 NO 2 ( 5 ), ( Z )-4,4‘-C 6 H 4 CH CHC 6 H 4 NO 2 ( 6 ), 4,4‘-C 6 H 4 C⋮CC 6 H 4 NO 2 ( 7 ), 4,4‘-C 6 H 4 N CHC 6 H 4 NO 2 ( 8 )) have been synthesized by reaction of AuCl(PPh 3…
Carrier localization in a disordered potential was studied in type-I strained Si1−xGex/Si superlattices (SLs) where layer widths have been artificially pseudorandomized. The photoluminescence (PL) intensity under a transverse bias voltage varies monotonically and exhibits a folded increase as the bias is increased as…
Electron emission from a polycrystalline diamond coated silicon field emitter surface was studied using in situ exposure to various gas species during its operation. Significant enhancement of the electron emission was found after the emitting surface was exposed to hydrogen at pressures in the range 5×10−4 to 10−3 To…
Room temperature photoluminescence spectra from samples of chemically etched porous silicon were analyzed as a function of dopant type, dopant concentration, etchant chemistry, and etching times. In stark contrast to electrochemically etched porous silicon, no significant variations in peak location or width were obse…
A correlation between local crystallographic texture and stress-induced void formation in tantalum-encapsulated, copper interconnects was revealed by electron backscattering diffraction studies in a scanning electron microscope. Lines exhibiting an overall stronger 〈111〉 texture showed better resistance to void format…