Materials Literature
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This review illustrates how elastomer reinforcement can be modeled using Monte Carlo simulations on rotational isomeric state chains to characterize their spatial configurations in the vicinity of filler particles. The results are distributions of the chain end-to-end distances as perturbed by this excluded-volume eff…
Mussels (Mytilus edulis) are economically important in their role as an aquaculture species and also with regard to marine biofouling. They attach tenaciously to a wide variety of submerged surfaces by virtue of collagenous attachment threads termed 'byssi'. The aim of this study was to characterize the spreading of t…
Three face-to-face linked porphyrin-corrole dyads were investigated as to their electrochemistry, spectroelectrochemistry, and chloride-binding properties in dichloromethane or benzonitrile. The same three compounds were also investigated as to their ability to catalyze the electroreduction of dioxygen in aqueous 1 M…
Here we report the preparation and structural characteristics of self-assembling peptide tubelets composed of 32-membered rings formed of alternating alpha-amino acids and cis-3-aminocyclohexanecarboxylic acids. The tubelets possess a partial hydrophobic core environment, provided by the projection of the cyclohexane…
Employing the technique of electrostatic levitation, coupled with high-energy x-ray diffraction and rapid data acquisition methods, we have obtained high quality structural data more deeply into the supercooled regime of liquid silicon than has been possible before. No change in coordination number is observed in this…
Abstract The flame‐retardant and smoke‐suppressant properties of inorganic tin compounds such as zinc hydroxystannate (ZHS) and zinc stannate (ZS) were investigated in a comparison with alumina trihydrate, magnesium hydroxide, and Sb 2 O 3 through the limiting oxygen index test and smoke density test. The flame‐retard…
From linear to dendritic: Glycine is part of the predominant sequence in collagen proteins, and aspartate is similar to the repeating unit of poly(benzyl glutamate)s (PBG)s. Collagen and PBGs are linear peptides that self-organize into fibers and form liquid-crystalline phases and gel solvents. How would a molecule se…
The structures of mixed alkali/alkaline-earth silicate glasses containing Na, Ca, and Sr [$x{\mathrm{Na}}_{2}\mathrm{O}\text{\ensuremath{-}}(3\ensuremath{-}x)\mathrm{Ca}\mathrm{O}\text{\ensuremath{-}}4\mathrm{Si}{\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ with $x=0$, 0.4, 1.0, 1.5, and ${\mathrm{Na}}_{2}\mathrm{O}\text{\ensuremath{-}}y\mathrm{…
Abstract Biodegradable poly( L ‐lactide) (PLLA) scaffolds with well‐controlled interconnected irregular pores were fabricated by a porogen leaching technique using gelatin particles as the porogen. The gelatin particles (280–450 μm) were bonded together through a treatment in a saturated water vapor condition at 70°C…
We investigated spin-dependent transport in magnetic tunnel junctions made of III-V ${\mathrm{Ga}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Mn}}_{x}\mathrm{As}$ electrodes and II-VI ZnSe tunnel barriers. The high tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR) ratio up to 100% we observed indicates high spin polarization at the barrier/electrodes i…
The density-of-states function of individual colloidal PbSe nanocrystals varying in diameter between 3 and 7 nm is measured by resonant tunneling spectroscopy. It is in semiquantitative agreement with tight-binding calculations, but the energy separation between electron (hole) levels of S and P symmetry is systematic…
Polypropyleneimine octaamine dendrimers were studied as an alternative means of generating highly crosslinked collagen. Crosslinking was effected by using the water-soluble carbodiimide 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethyl aminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC). The multifunctional dendrimers were introduced as novel crosslin…
Selective nucleation of aragonite can be achieved at ambient conditions in water by using block copolymer microgels at a very low concentration (0.1 ppm). One polymer template particle is sufficient to control the nucleation of a ring of aragonite single crystals, which propagate into a sheaf structure (see SEM image)…
Gloss is a quantity used in the optical industry to quantify and categorize materials according to how well they scatter light specularly. With the aid of phase perturbation theory, we derive an approximate expression for this quantity for a one-dimensional randomly rough surface. It is demonstrated that gloss depends…
Using a super-operator formulation of linearized time-dependent density-functional theory, the dynamical polarizability of a system of interacting electrons is given a matrix continued-fraction representation whose coefficients can be obtained from the non-symmetric block-Lanczos method. The resulting algorithm allows…
Understanding how microorganisms influence the physical and chemical properties of the subsurface is hindered by our inability to observe microbial dynamics in real time and with high spatial resolution. Here, we investigate the use of noninvasive geophysical methods to monitor biomineralization at the laboratory scal…
We have studied the electronic structure of the diluted magnetic semiconductor ${\mathrm{Ga}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Mn}}_{x}\mathrm{N}$ ($x=0.0$, 0.02, and 0.042) grown on Sn-doped $n$-type GaN using photoemission and soft x-ray absorption spectroscopy. Mn $L$-edge x-ray absorption have indicated that the Mn ions…
Two insulating phases of $\mathrm{Sr}\mathrm{Fe}{\mathrm{O}}_{3\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\delta}}$ have been found by the introduction of oxygen deficiencies in metallic $\mathrm{Sr}\mathrm{Fe}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$, one with $0.15\ensuremath{\leqslant}\ensuremath{\delta}\ensuremath{\leqslant}0.19$ (Sample A) and the other…
Following the recent discussion on the puzzling nature of the interactions in the nanotubular system Na2V3O7, we present a detailed ab-initio microscopic analysis of its electronic and magnetic properties. By means of a non-trivial downfolding study we propose an effective model in terms of tubes of nine-site rings wi…
A protein conformation transition from random coil and/or helical conformation to beta-sheet is known to be central to the process used by silk-spinning spiders and insects to convert concentrated protein solutions to tough insoluble threads. Several factors including pH, metallic ions, shear force, and/or elongationa…