Phthalocyanine compounds
Examines the properties of phthalocyanine, the nomenclature of phthalocyanine compounds, and phthalocyanine polymers.
Materials Literature
文献浏览
按标题、摘要、年份、主题和来源检索公开元数据。结果保留作者、摘要、分类与原始来源链接。
Fracture of Solids
The type of fraction produced by various forms of stress, the dependence on the nature of the stress, and the rate of application are described. The role of microscopic cracks and the departure of actual strength from theoretical values are discussed. Illustrations are given of the propagation of fracture.
INTERACTION OF SLOW ELECTRONS WITH CHEMISORBED OXYGEN
Measurements have been made of the effects of low-energy electron bombardment (0–300 ev) on a chemisorbed layer of oxygen on polycrystalline molybdenum. Oxygen is adsorbed in two states at room temperature with approximate heats of adsorption of 60 and 110 kcal/mole, respectively. O + ions are released from the weakly…
THE ORDER OF ELECTRON SHELLS IN IONIZED ATOMS
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
Estimation, from Swelling, of the Structural Contribution of Chemical Reactions to the Vulcanization of Natural Rubber. Part II. Estimation of Equilibrium Degree of Swelling
Abstract An investigation has been made of the measurement of degree of swelling of vulcanizates and the estimation of υ τ , the volume fraction of polymer in a vulcanizate swollen to equilibrium. Methods have been established for dealing with a volatile swelling liquid, allowing for small percentages of nonpolymer in…
The measurement of volume diffusion by the method of autoradiography
The application of autoradiography to the measurement of volume diffusion is limited because of the difficulty in interpreting the effects of the energy of the radiations, the scattering and absorption properties of the specimen and other complicating factors. A general method of interpretation is described in which t…
Strengthening by Ion Exchange
This paper is a brief review of the physical and chemical methods of strengthening glass, in particular that due to the large for small ion exchange resulting from treatment in molten salt at temperatures below the annealing range for the glass. Abrasion of treated glass is shown to reduce markedly the strength of exp…
Relation of certain infrared bands to cellulose crystallinity and crystal latticed type. Part I. Spectra of lattice types I, II, III and of amorphous cellulose
The infrared spectra of highly crystalline samples of cellulose containing the lattice types I, II, and III were compared with one another and with the spectrum of amorphous cellulose in the 850–1500 cm.−1 region. The spectra of cellulose II and of amorphous cellulose showed interesting similarities at 1420, 893–897,…
Relation of certain infrared bands to cellulose crystallinity and crystal lattice type. Part II. A new infrared ratio for estimation of crystallinity in celluloses I and II
A new infrared ratio, α1372 cm. −1/α2900 cm. −1, is proposed for measuring crystallinity in cellulosic materials. The advantage of this ratio over others which have been used is that it can be applied to both celluloses I and II and, therefore, to samples containing a mixed lattice. Two series of samples, encompassing…
MECHANISM OF CORROSION WITH LIMITED ACCESS OF ELECTROLYTE
CONTENTS I. Introduction 233 II. Peculiarities of the electrochemical behaviour of metals in narrow gaps and crevices 234 III. Change in steady-state potentials at sites to which access of electrolyte is impeded 235 IV. Change in nature of corrosion medium in gaps 236 V. Formation of macrocells of crevice–open surface…
Optical Double-Photon Absorption in CdS
Observations have been made of the two-photon excitation of an electron from the valence to the conduction band in CdS (${E}_{g}=2.5$ eV) using a pulsed ruby laser ($\ensuremath{\hbar}\ensuremath{\omega}=1.78$ eV). The radiative recombination emission from exciton and impurity levels subsequent to the simultaneous abs…
Study of the Shubnikov-de Haas Effect. Determination of the Fermi Surfaces in Graphite
Measurements of the oscillatory magnetoresistance of a high-quality graphite single crystal were made for all angles $\ensuremath{\theta}$ between the magnetic field and the $c$ axis, for magnetic fields up to 24 kG, and for temperatures from 1.22 to 4.22\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. The results were analyzed…
Phonon Scattering in Semiconductors From Thermal Conductivity Studies
The lattice thermal conductivity of a number of semiconductors including InSb, GaAs, GaSb, CdTe, and CdS has been measured between 1.7 and 300\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. This, together with previous work on Si and Ge, is used to investigate the validity of the relaxation time expressions for scattering of ph…
Electronic Transport in Strontium Titanate
The conductivity and the Hall and Seebeck coefficients of reduced and doped strontium titanate were measured over the temperature range 4.2-300\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. An average effective mass of about 10 ${m}_{0}$ was deduced from these experiments. This value agrees well with the results of a recent en…
The synthesis and polymerization studies of some higher homologues of 9‐vinylcarbazole
Abstract 9‐Allylcarbazole, 9‐Δ 3 ‐butenylcarbazole, 9‐Δ 4 ‐pentenylcarbazole and 9‐Δ 5 −hexenylcarbazole were synthesized and their polymerization with Z IEGLER ‐N ATTA catalyst systems studied. 9‐Allylcarbazole could not be polymerized and 9‐Δ 3 ‐butenylcarbazole could only be polymerized with extreme difficulty. How…
Structural studies on polyethers, [‐(CH2)m‐O‐]n. II. Molecular structure of polyethylene oxide
Abstract The molecular structure of polyethylene oxide (PEO), (—CH 2 CH 2 O‐) n , was studied by the X‐ray diffraction and infrared absorption spectroscopic methods. The X‐ray diffraction data were observed for the highly oriented PEO samples and were analyzed by use of the method of FOURIER transform of the helix pro…
Similarity hypothesis for capillary hysteresis in porous materials
A quantitative description of the capillary hysteresis properties of a porous material is developed through bivariate distribution density function ƒ(α, β), where α and β are wetting and drying potentials. This is formally equivalent to the independent domain theory of Poulovassilis. The similarity hypothesis (implyin…
Phonon Mean Free Path in Silicon Between 77 and 250°K
Measurement of transmitted phonon drag across 10 ohm cm $p$-type silicon indicates a phonon mean free path of the relevant thermal phonons which varies from about 80 \ensuremath{\mu} at 77\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K to 12 \ensuremath{\mu} at 250\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. The values depend on the me…
Quantum Efficiency of Silicon in the Vacuum Ultraviolet
A measurement of the quantum efficiency of silicon has been carried out over the photon energy range from 4.9 to 21.2 eV by measuring the photoresponse of silicon surface-barrier photodiodes. The quantum efficiency increases from 2.0 at $h\ensuremath{\nu}=4.9$ eV to approximately 3 at $h\ensuremath{\nu}=6$ eV; between…
Ultraviolet Optical Properties of Diamond
The absolute reflection spectrum of type IIa diamond was measured at room temperature from 4 to 30 eV and analyzed by dispersion techniques to obtain the optical parameters. Structure observed in the dielectric constant near 7, 12, 16, 20, and 24 eV was attributed to interband transitions at critical points in the joi…