Materials Literature
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Abstract Since the discovery of ferromagnetism well above room temperature in the Co‐doped TiO 2 system, diluted magnetic semiconductors based on TiO 2 doped with transition metals have generated great interest because of their potential use in the development of spintronic devices. The purpose of this paper is to rep…
The authors report an improvement in electrical characteristics with operational cycles of phase change memory cells having Ge2Sb2Te5 as the active material. An increase in amorphous-state resistance and threshold voltage and decrease in crystalline-state resistance with cycling are observed, which can be explained by…
The transport and photoluminescence properties of interfaces between amorphous CaHfO3 films and SrTiO3 single crystal substrates were investigated. Although both materials are band-gap insulators, the interfaces were metallic. The sheet carrier density was found to depend strongly on the laser fluence used during the…
Using first-principles quantum-mechanical theory, we demonstrate that the surface chemistry of Fe-Cr alloys follows the peculiar threshold behavior characteristic of ferritic stainless steels. We find that in dilute alloys the surfaces are covered exclusively by Fe, whereas for bulk Cr concentration above $\ensuremath…
We report on the lattice relaxation mechanism of ZnO films grown on c-Al2O3 substrates by plasma-assisted molecular-beam epitaxy. The lattice relaxation of ZnO films with various thicknesses up to 2000nm is investigated by using both in situ time-resolved reflection high energy electron diffraction observation during…
The present study develops new composite materials derived from environmentally friendly material, based on lignocellulosic fillers combined with a thermoplastic matrix. Cellulose fillers are obtained as a by-product of the agri-food industry; specifically rice husk with PVC thermoplastics as a matrix, since lignocell…
A multidimensional ZnO light-emitting diode (LED) structure comprising film/nanorods/substrate was fabricated on a p-type Si substrate using metal organic chemical vapor deposition at relatively low growth temperature. The filmlike top layer used for the metal contact was continuously formed on the ZnO nanorods by var…
The electrical performances of the heterojunction of n-ZnO nanowires with p-Si substrate at the nanometer scale have been characterized using an ultrahigh-vacuum conducting atomic force microscopy. Compared with the expected values of 1.0–2.0 reported in p-n junction in the previous studies, the abnormally high diode…
Undoped MgxZn1−xO thin films with Mg content of 0⩽x⩽0.20 were grown on c-sapphire substrate by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy. The MgxZn1−xO shows n-type conduction in Mg content of x⩽0.05, and the carrier concentration decreases slowly from 1018to1017cm−3 with increasing Mg content. However, as x⩾0.10, the Mg…
The oxidation and hydration kinetics of a proton conductor oxide, SrCe(0.95)Yb(0.05)O(2.975), were examined via conductivity relaxation upon a sudden change of oxygen activity in a fixed water-activity atmosphere, and vice versa, in the ranges of -4.0 < log a(O(2)) < or = 0.01 and -5.0 < log a(H(2)O) < -2.0 at 800 deg…
Multiple intervalence-transfer (IT) absorptions (see picture) appear in the near-IR/IR spectra of the mixed-valence complex [Cl3RuII(tppz)RuIIICl3]− (tppz=tetrakis(2-pyridyl)pyrazine), whose X-ray crystal structure and electronic and vibrational spectroscopic features indicate localized-to-delocalized (Class II–III) b…
The ZnO films were grown on Ag∕Si(001) substrates by sputtering Ag and ZnO targets successively in a pure Ar ambient. A significant enhancement of ZnO ultraviolet emission and a reduction of its full width of half maximum have been observed while introducing a 100nm Ag interlayer between ZnO film and Si substrate. Fur…
Abstract China clay (kaolin) has been modified with sodium salt of rubber seed oil (SRSO). SRSO was characterized using X‐ray diffraction (XRD), infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and differential thermal analysis (DTA). XRD of the unmodified and SRSO‐modified kaolins showed an increase in the d ‐(001) spacing of kaolin pl…
The distribution of boron and carbon atoms in boron carbide (B4C), the third hardest naturally occurring material, is a hotly debated subject. In the current work, an ab initio approach is applied to the entire composition range of boron carbide (∼8–20at.%C) to determine what disordering mechanisms are responsible for…
Relation between the elastic modulus and the diameter (D) of ZnO nanowires was elucidated using a model with the calculated ZnO surface stresses as input. We predict for ZnO nanowires due to surface stress effect: (1) when D&gt;20nm, the elastic modulus would be lower than the bulk modulus and decrease with the de…
Abstract A morphological (or polyhedral) population balance (PB) model is presented for modeling the dynamic size evolution of crystals grown from solution in all crystal growth directions. The morphological PB approach uses the crystal shape information for a single crystal obtained from morphology prediction, or exp…
Abstract Bacterial cellulose and alginate in an aqueous NaOH/urea solution were used as substrate materials for the fabrication of a novel blend membrane. The blend solution was cast onto a Teflon plate, coagulated in a 5 wt % CaCl 2 aqueous solution, and then treated with a 1% HCl solution. Supercritical carbon dioxi…
Hydrogenography, an optical high-throughput combinatorial technique to find hydrogen storage materials, has so far been applied only to materials undergoing a metal-to-semiconductor transition during hydrogenation. We show here that this technique works equally well for metallic hydrides. Additionally, we find that th…
Abstract Epoxidized soybean oil (ESBO), is one of the most commonly used epoxides because of its typical combined roles as a plasticizer and heat stabilizer. In this study, a novel plasticizer of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) resins, epoxidized sunflower oil (ESO), was synthesized, and its performance was evaluated. ESO…
With molecular dynamics simulations of a fluid mixture of classical particles interacting with pairwise additive Weeks-Chandler-Andersen potentials, we consider the time series of particle displacements and thereby determine the distributions for local persistence times and local exchange times. These basic characteri…