Materials Literature
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Carbon single-wall nanotubes (SWNTs) are studied as the thermal-absorption coating on a large area pyroelectric detector. The SWNTs were produced by a laser vaporization method and dispersed onto the detector surface by use of a simple airbrush technique. The detector was based on a 1-cm-diameter, 60-microm-thick lith…
Thermal transport in aqueous suspensions of Au-core polymer-shell nanoparticles is investigated by time-resolved measurements of optical absorption. The addition of an organic cosolvent to the suspension causes the polystyrene component of the polymer shell to swell, and this change in the microstructure of the shell…
Abstract The crystal structure of whewellite [Ca(C 2 O4)·H 2 O] and the dehydration mechanism of caoxite [Ca(C 2 O 4 )·3H 2 O] have been studied by means of differential thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction (powder and single-crystal) analysis and infrared analysis. The first and second analyses confirmed the direct tr…
Frustule structure and symmetry, protoplast morphology, and auxosporulation are described for the raphid diatom genus Petroneis, separated from Navicula in 1990. Several features, such as the constant cis symmetry of frustules, flap-like occlusions of the areolae, the opening of the central external raphe endings into…
Proton irradiation at temperatures of 310 and 350°C has been explored as a method of studying radiation effects in Zircaloy 4 under power-reactor conditions. The dislocation-loop and hardness evolution are similar to those observed under neutron irradiation. Amorphization and Fe loss at Zr(Cr,Fe)2 precipitates are obs…
Abstract Inhomogeneities, that is, nonrelaxing frozen concentration fluctuations, are inevitably present in polymer gels because they are introduced during the crosslinking of the constituent polymer chains in a solvent. Therefore, inhomogeneities increase as the number of crosslinks increases in a gel. The ionization…
Abstract Twinning has been observed in experimental deformation studies of nanocrystalline (nc) materials even for high stacking fault fcc metals. By using molecular dynamics and a knowledge of the general planar fault energy curves of the corresponding metal, we show how twinning can occur by means of partial disloca…
An experimental study has been completed to assess the performance of single solid-oxide electrolysis cells operating over a temperature range of 800 to 900°C. The experiments were performed over a range of steam inlet partial pressures (2.3–12.2 kPa), carrier gas flow rates (50–200 sccm), and current densities (−0.75…
Nanostructured materials should present a good resistance to irradiation because the large volume fraction of grain boundaries can be an important sink for radiation-induced defects. The objective of the present study is to experimentally investigate the irradiation impact on the microstructure and mechanical properti…
Microstructure evolution under irradiation is very sensitive to point defects mobility. Here we present state-of-the-art ab initio calculations of the point defects structure (vacancy and self-interstitial atoms; SIAs) in hexagonal zirconium. Contrary to previous results obtained using empirical potentials, we found t…
The self-irradiation damage generated by alpha decay of Pu results in the formation of lattice defects and helium and uranium atoms. Over time, microstructural evolution as a result of the self-irradiation may influence the physical and mechanical properties of the material. Transmission electron microscopy investigat…
The Weibull distribution is commonly used for statistical processing of breakdown data of electrical insulation. The statistical theory of breakdown that has been proposed since the 1970s has introduced a two-variables Weibull distribution in order to take into account both the stress applied and the failure times. In…
Molecular hydrogen is produced as a fermentation by-product in the large intestine of animals and its production can be correlated with the digestibility of the carbohydrates consumed. Pathogenic Helicobacter species (Helicobacter pylori and H. hepaticus) have the ability to use H(2) through a respiratory hydrogenase,…
The last decade has led to an explosion of genomic information that is being used to help researchers understand the gene content of organisms, how gene content and expression patterns may explain the ecological niche in which the organism lives, the ways in which gene content have been arranged and modified by evolut…
We present a resonating-valence-bond theory of superconductivity for the Hubbard-Heisenberg model on an anisotropic triangular lattice. Our calculations are consistent with the observed phase diagram of the half-filled layered organic superconductors, such as the $\ensuremath{\beta}$, ${\ensuremath{\beta}}^{\ensuremat…
Abstract A simple and versatile technique has been developed to prepare TiO 2 and TiO 2 ‐based composite (TiO 2 –CdS and TiO 2 –Au) nanotube arrays. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy‐dispersive X‐ray (EDX) analysis, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (T…
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been in the forefront of nanoscience and nanotechnology because of their remarkable electronic, mechanical, and thermal properties and specific functions. CNTs have high potentials for possible applications in the fields of energy, electronics, IT, and materials. However, because of the in…
OBJECTIVE: To compare the effect of internal tibial rotation on the computed tomographic (CT) and standard radiographic assessment of tibial torsion (TT) in dogs. STUDY DESIGN: In vitro study. SAMPLE POPULATION: Cadaveric canine hind limbs (6 pairs). METHODS: The cranial cruciate ligament was transected, and caudo-cra…
Space charge is formed in cables insulated with crosslinked polyethylene. It has not been clear whether the crosslinking byproducts or the crosslinked polymer morphology is responsible for the space charge formation. In order to clarify this point additive-free noncrosslinked low-density polyethylene, additive-free cr…
Abstract Block copolymers of poly(pentafluorostyrene) (PFS) and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) (PFS‐ b ‐PMMA) have been synthesized using atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). Then, nanoporous fluoropolymer films have been prepared via selective UV decomposition of the PMMA blocks in the PFS‐ b ‐PMMA copolyme…