Materials Literature
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<div class="htmlview paragraph">Lean NOx Trap (LNT) catalysts are capable of reducing NOx in lean exhaust from diesel engines. NOx is stored on the catalyst during lean operation; then, under rich exhaust conditions, the NOx is released from and reduced by the catalyst. The process of NOx release and reduction i…
Density functional theory (DFT) famously fails to correctly describe the electronic band structure of Mott insulators, such as FeO. Here, we present calculations on the structural, elastic, and electronic properties of antiferromagnetic, NaCl-structured (B1) FeO, employing hybrid functionals that combine fractions of…
Epitaxial growth of (0001) oriented [ZnO(20Å)∕Co0.7Fe0.3(xÅ)]25 multilayers (MLs) with nominal thickness x=1, 2 and 5 has been prepared on α-Al2O3 (0001) substrate by ion-beam sputtering. The magnetic properties over a temperature range of 6–350K and structures probing by x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) are report…
The dc electric-field (E) dependence of the dielectric constant (ε) in PbZr0.52Ti0.48O3 (PZT) thin films has been studied at cryogenic temperatures in the dc electric-field range of 0–820kV∕cm. Significant suppression of ε is observed by an application of E up to 400kV∕cm. The relation of ε versus E can be well descri…
<div class="htmlview paragraph">Soot oxidation has been a critical issue for regeneration of diesel particulate filters (DPFs). The design of the regeneration strategy and the durability requirement for DPFs depend on an understanding of soot burning. Raman and thermal analysis have been used to monitor surface…
Mn ions were implanted in p-type cubic GaN at doses from 0.6 to 2.4×1016cm−2 at 200 keV energy. A 200-nm-thick epitaxial layer, grown by molecular beam epitaxy on GaAs(001) substrate, is used for the Mn implantation. The Mn implanted samples were subjected to an annealing at 950 °C for 1–5 min. The structural quality…
Thin films of CaB2O4:Eu were deposited on glass substrates by spray pyrolysis. The abnormal reduction of Eu3+ to Eu2+ in as-grown thin films was found at the growth temperatures from 300to500°C. Blue cathodoluminescence was observed by annealing films in air, correlating with further abnormal reduction of Eu ions and…
The effect of stacking fault energy (SFE) on the tensile stress–strain behavior of nanocrystalline face-centered cubic (fcc) metals was investigated. The stacking fault energy of nickel was decreased by alloying with copper or iron. It was found that, as predicted by a recent simulation study, decreasing the SFE incre…
Cerium oxide nanocrystalline particles are synthesized and monodispersed in the size range from 2 to 8nm in diameter. The dependence of the lattice parameters on particle size is obtained by x-ray and electron diffraction analyses. The size dependence well coincides with the estimation based on the assumption that the…
Abstract Crystal structure and mechanical properties of cellulose fibers were studied to investigate the effect of chemical treatment on the fiber. Pretreatment by acetone extraction, mercerization with 3–20% wt/v sodium hydroxide (NaOH), and acrylonitrile (AN) grafting initiated by azo‐bis‐isobutylonitrile were perfo…
Polypropylene/montmorillonite (MMT) nanocomposites were prepared by a novel method, with pristine MMT with a surfactant. This study showed that the present of maleic acid modified polypropylene and the ratio of the surfactant to MMT had an influence on the dispersion of MMT in the hybrids. A density functional theory…
Abstract The effect of lignin fine powder, as a new kind of nucleating agent, on the crystallization process of poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) was studied. The kinetics of both isothermal and nonisothermal crystallization processes from the melt for both pure PHB and PHB/lignin blend was studied by means of differentia…
A surface acoustic wave (SAW) ultraviolet (UV) photodetector is made of a zinc oxide (ZnO) based epitaxial multilayer structure on an r-plane sapphire (r-Al2O3) substrate. Piezoelectric and semiconducting ZnO layers are used for SAW excitation and photodetection, respectively. A thin Mg0.2Zn0.8O layer grown between th…
Abstract Onium modified montmorillonite (organoclay) was compounded with natural rubber (NR) in an internal mixer and cured by using a conventional sulfuric system. Epoxidized natural rubber with 50 mol % epoxidation (ENR 50) in 10 parts per hundred rubber (phr) was used as a compatibilizer in this study. For comparis…
Phys. Rev. E. 68, 011306 (2003)] claim that a special point J of a "jamming phase diagram" (in density, temperature, stress space) is related to random close packing of hard spheres and that it represents, for their suggested definitions of jammed and random, the recently introduced maximally random jammed state. We p…
Many theories published in the last decade propose that either ordered or disordered local moments are present in elemental plutonium at low temperatures. We present new experimental data and review previous experimental results. None of the experiments provide any evidence for ordered or disordered magnetic moments (…
We predict that the Curie temperature of a ferromagnetic resonant tunneling diode will decrease abruptly, by approximately a factor of two, when the downstream chemical potential falls below the quantum well resonance energy. This property follows from elementary quantum transport theory notions combined with a mean f…
The addition of electron donors to the vacant $A$ site of defect-perovskite structure tungsten trioxide causes a series of structural and chemical phase transitions; for instance, in the well-known case of the sodium tungsten bronzes $({\mathrm{Na}}_{x}{\mathrm{WO}}_{3})$. Here we calculate the effect of the addition…
The ability to control electronic properties of a material by externally applied voltage is at the heart of modern electronics. In many cases, it is the so-called electric field effect that allows one to vary the carrier concentration in a semiconductor device and, consequently, change an electric current through it.…
Carbon nanotubes have emerged as a possible new material for electronic applications. They show promising characteristics for transistors as well as for interconnects. Here we review their basic properties and focus on the status of nanotubes with respect to their application as interconnects and discuss the challenge…