Materials Literature
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The behavior of borate-boron in a calcium bicarbonate parent solution during the precipitation of calcium carbonate has been studied experimentally. The amount of borate-boron coprecipitated with calcium carbonate is proportional to the concentration of borate-boron dissolved in a parent solution, and this relationshi…
Abstract X‐ray diffraction has been used to further investigate the quenched form of polypropylene. The diffractometer traces were analyzed by a mathematical peak separation procedure which assumed a combined Cauchy and Gaussian shape for the peaks. The results confirmed that the quenched form contains about 60% of am…
Abstract The relation between the chemical structure of a protein and the physical properties of a heat‐set gel of that protein has been investigated. The physical properties of the gel are determined by means of mechanical experiments in which the viscoelastic properties of the gel are determined in terms of the stor…
It is shown that phase transitions in three dimensions breaking up an ordered state by polar defect lines can be modelled on the xy model, at least if the interaction of the lines is only steric. The analogy is established for a lattice model by means of a xy high-temperature expansion for spin 1/2. The defect model i…
A review of the foundation, developments and latest results of the so-called vibronic theory of ferroelectricity—a new approach to the microtheory of spontaneous polarization and ferroelectric phase transitions in crystals incorporating the interactions of electrons with nuclear displacements (vibronic interactions),…
The anisotropy of the magnetic susceptibility and the density of the series of nematic p,p′-di-n-alkyl and p,p′-di-n-alkoxy azoxybenzenes are reported as a function of temperature. Assuming that the molecules are effectively axially symmetric the anisotropy of the susceptibility is a direct measure of the nematic orde…
The fate of the energy release in highly exoergic surface-catalysed chemical reactions is of considerable fundamental interest and influences catalyst volatilization/sintering, the aerodynamic heating of hypersonic glide vehicles subject to bombardment by atomic nitrogen and atomic oxygen, etc. To provide the first av…
Abstract The properties of poly (1, 4‐phenylene terephthalamide) ( PPTA ), Kevlar, and a poly(benzobisoxazole) ( PBO ) in solution are investigated. Molecular characterization using light scattering and viscometry on dilute solutions shows PBO and PPTA to have a rodlike conformation. Both are prone to interchain aggre…
A general theoretical framework for a unified description of various flexoelectric effects in uniform d.c. electric fields is developed. With this framework four basic geometries are studied theoretically as follows : a) homeotropic layer under the action of a d.c. electric field normal to the optic axis ; b) homeotro…
Abstract The morphology of blends of poly(ϵ‐caprolactone) (PCL) with poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) was investigated. The observations made with the optical microscope and electron microscopes indicate that for the blends rich in PCL, the samples are almost completely filled with spherulites composed of lamellas radiating…
MO1/2-TeO2 (M: Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Ag, Tl), MO-TeO2 (M: Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Zn, Cd, Pb) 2成分系のガラス化範囲及びガラスの密度, 屈折率, 熱膨張, 赤外吸収スペクトルを測定した. TeO2含量の多い組成では, 熱膨張係数の大きさ, paratelluriteとの赤外吸収スペクトルの比較により, Te4+はひずんだ四方錐配位をとり, おそらく層状網目を形成するものと推定した. TeO3三方錐のみを含む結晶の赤外吸収を基にガラス中のTeO3三方錐のTe-O伸縮振動を帰属した. その吸収強度の変化から, 1価の系では33mol%付近から, MgO,…
We have collected data concerning the molecular tilt angle of 4 smectic C compounds, presenting a second order transition to a smectic A phase. We have completed these data by direct measurements, using the conoscopic technique, for the tilt angle of the optical axis, and the X-ray technique, to follow the varying thi…
Measurements of electric permittivity, and polarization are reported for chiral liquid crystal DOBAMBC. Dielectric hysteresis was found. Temperature-variations of spontaneous polarization and relaxation time are studied. The dielectric properties of chiral smectic C and those of crystalline ferroelectrics are compared.
The ordinary refractive index and the birefringence are reported for two homologous series of nematic liquid crystals, the p,p′-di-n-alkyl and p,p′-di-n-alkoxy azoxybenzenes. It is found that the high-frequency dielectric anisotropy is proportional to the anisotropy of the magnetic susceptibility. For axially symmetri…
Epoxies are utilized by the aerospace industry primarily in the form of matrices for composite materials and as adhesives. The increasing use of epoxies requires a knowledge of their lifetimes in extreme service environments. When epoxy adhesives and composites are utilized in primary structural components of airframe…
Abstract Blends may be made of pairs of polymers where neither, one, or both components are crystalline. The state of compatibility for such blends may be deduced by x‐ray and light scattering. A survey of recent studies in this laboratory of several binary blends of crystalline and amorphous polymers is presented.
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCompatibility of Poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide) (PPO)/Poly(styrene-co-4-chlorostyrene) Blends. 1. Differential Scanning Calorimetry and Density StudiesJ. R. Fried, F. E. Karasz, and W. J. MacKnightCite this: Macromolecules 1978, 11, 1, 150–158Publication Date (Print)…
The results of a study of the effect of concentration on the electronic and infrared absorption spectra of LiTCNQ and Li[2H4]TCNQ in dimethylsulphoxide, as well as the Raman and infrared spectra of aqueous solutions of the same salts, are reported. The formation of the self-dimer of the TCNQ radical anion is accompani…
A mutant (gltB) of Escherichia coli lacking glutamate synthase (GOGAT) was unable to utilize a wide variety of compounds as sole nitrogen source (e.g., arginine, proline, gamma-aminobutyrate, and glycine). Among revertants of these Asm- strains selected on one of these compounds (e.g., arginine, proline, or gamma-amin…
The effect of heat treatment in various environments on the electrical and optical properties of indium–tin oxide (ITO) sputtered films has been investigated. As the resistivity is decreased by heat treatment in H2 from 8.3×10−3 to 4.3×10−4 Ω cm, the optical band gap increases from 3.05 to 3.42 eV consistent with a Bu…