Materials Literature
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ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunication to the...Communication to the EditorNEXTPerfluorocyclobutyl Liquid Crystalline Fluoropolymers. Synthesis and Thermal Cyclopolymerization of Bis(trifluorovinyloxy)-α-methylstilbeneD. W. Smith, H. W. Boone, R. Traiphol, H. Shah, and D. PerahiaView Author Information Departm…
Abstract Ester cross-linking of various classes of organic acid scale inhibitors has been investigated as a possible means to enhance inhibitor retention in the near wellbore reservoir. Three generically different polycarboxylic acid based inhibitors have been successfully ester cross-linked. Inhibition tests indicate…
Abstract Chemical inhibitors that prevent the formation of sulphate and carbonate mineral scale formation are used in field squeeze treatments. The demand for competent evaluation of all issues associated with mineral scaling in wells and pipelines is continuous throughout the lifetime of any producing asset and the c…
Abstract This paper describes the development of a PMPA scale inhibitor chemistry, for potential ‘squeeze’ application, to provide scale inhibition under severe Barium Sulphate scaling conditions. Phosphonate type inhibitor chemistries have been applied in ‘squeeze’ treatments as they have the desired adsorption chara…
Abstract Carbonate or sulphate scaling is usually mitigated by using chemical inhibitors that alter the growth mode of the scale mineral, but with halite scaling the apparent absence of a suitable inhibitor has meant that periodic removal with low-salinity water has been favoured. We report laboratory testing and the…
Abstract Calcium carbonate scale impacts oil production in a large number of fields worldwide. This scale is generally managed by acid washing to removal the scale and/or by performing scale inhibition treatments. The choice between inhibition and regular stimulation is cost driven, with high cost operations generally…
Abstract Aqueous based scale inhibitor squeeze treatments have been routinely deployed on Total Oil Marine’s North Alwyn field for many years. More recently, declining reservoir pressure in parts of the field, coupled to poor reservoir communication has led to a considerable increase in the time required to bring trea…
SrTiO 3 and KTaO 3 are incipient ferroelectrics whose phase transition temperature is suppressed by quantum fluctuations. The recent observation of induced ferroelectricity due to exchange of 16 O by 18 O (1999 Phys. Rev. Lett. 82 3540) is reproduced for the dielectric data by an anharmonic electron-phonon interaction…
Abstract This paper describes the effect of chemical interactions on the efficiency of removing iron sulfide scale. Most types of iron sulfide can be removed by inorganic acids. A corrosion inhibitor (amine-type chemical) is added to the acid to protect the well tubulars. In addition, a hydrogen sulfide scavenger (ald…
Optical transitions at the single substitutional nitrogen centre (P1) in synthetic diamond are discussed. It is shown that the 4.6 eV absorption band is not due to P1, but due to some other centre, tentatively suggested as a nitrogen-boron complex. The 4.5 eV photocurrent threshold is assigned to the transition from t…
Abstract Although waterflooding is a common method for increasing oil recovery, certain production problems may arise after water breakthrough. In addition to affecting oil recovery, these problems may also have an adverse impact on the environment. One particular production problem is mineral scale formation due to m…
Colloidal copper particles (20−100 nm) are formed in the γ-irradiation of aqueous solutions of KCu(CN) 2, which also contain methanol or 2-propanol as OH scavenger. The radiation chemical yield is of the order of 0.1 Cu atoms formed per 100 eV absorbed radiation energy and decreases with increasing concentration of ex…
Silver clusters and nanoparticles were prepared by reduction of silver nitrate by sodium borohydride in water, in the presence of polyacrylate ions, and in inverse micellar solutions consisting of Laureth 4 and water. The kinetics of formation of Ag 4 2+ aggregates and Ag 9 + in the presence of polyacrylate ions could…
Ceramics of A 2 FeReO 6 double perovskites have been prepared and studied for A = Ba and Ca. Ba 2 FeReO 6 has a cubic structure (Fm3m) with a 8.0854(1) Å whereas Ca 2 FeReO 6 has a monoclinic symmetry with a 5.396(1) Å, b 5.522(1) Å, c 7.688(2) Å and = 90.4° (P21/n) . The barium compound is metallic from 5 K to 385 K,…
Spectroscopic magnetization induced optical Second Harmonic Generation (MSHG) measurements from a clean Ni(110) surface reveal strong resonance effects near 2.7 eV that can be attributed to the presence of an empty surface state. The good agreement with model calculations shows the potential of MSHG to probe spin pola…
Spin clustering in diluted magnetic semiconductors (DMS) arises from antiferromagnetic exchange between neighboring magnetic cations and is a strong function of reduced dimensionality. Epitaxially-grown single monolayers and abrupt interfaces of DMS are, however, never perfectly two-dimensional (2D) due to the unavoid…
Silver nanoparticles coated with a uniform, thin shell of titanium dioxide are synthesized via a remarkably simple one-pot route, where the reduction of Ag + to Ag 0 and the controlled polymerization of TiO 2 on the surface of silver crystallites take place simultaneously. The prepared dispersions of coated nanopartic…
Two kinds of ionizable groups, namely, diethylamino and sulfonic acid groups, were introduced to a polymer brush by reaction of the epoxy groups of poly(glycidyl methacrylate) grafted onto a porous hollow-fiber membrane with diethylamine and sodium sulfite, respectively. Aminoacylase solution was permeated through the…
Within the general context of homometallic spin-coupled copper(II) dimers, we define the quantity Δ P 2 (Cu), the difference of copper squared spin populations as calculated for the high-spin (i.e., triplet) and broken symmetry spin states. In the specific case of an azido-bridged copper(II) dimer, the antiferromagnet…
Polymer-bound 2,2′-bipyridine cobalt complexes PSBPY-Co, PSBPY-Co-bipy, PSBPY-Co-oxine, and PSBPY-Co-phen (where PSBPY: polystyrene bound-2,2′-bipyridine; bipy: 2,2′-bipyridine; phen: 1,10-phenanthroline) were synthesized and investigated by IR, X-ray photoelectric spectroscopy, thermogravimetry–differential thermal a…