Materials Literature
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High-quality indium tin oxide (ITO) films were deposited by reactive DC sputtering on glass and quartz substrates. Both pure H 2 O vapour and O 2 were used as reactive sputtering atmospheres. The electrical parameters, free carrier concentration and carrier mobility as well as the resistivity of the ITO films were opt…
34.4 Introduction Systematic Search Historical Review New Materials Phonon Glasses Desired Performance PGEC Relaxation of A,,. Assumption Band Gaps of Semiconductors Carrier Mobilities Background Explanation Electronegativities and Good Thermoelectric Semiconductors Dopant and Mixed-Crystal Effects on Mobilities Dopan…
Ab-initio dynamical simulation is used to study the liquid Ga-Se system at the three concentrations Ga$_2$Se, GaSe and Ga$_2$Se$_3$ at the temperature 1300~K. The simulations are based on the density functional pseudopotential technique, with the system maintained on the Born-Oppenheimer surface by conjugate gradients…
We report the first six-dimensional quantum dynamical calculations of dissociative adsorption and associative desorption. Using a potential energy surface obtained by density functional theory calculations, we show that the initial decrease of the sticking probability with increasing kinetic energy in the system H_2/P…
We construct a class of periodic tilings of the plane, which corresponds to toroidal arrangements of trivalent atoms, with pentagonal, hexagonal and heptagonal rings. Each tiling is characterized by a set of four integers and determines a toroidal molecule. The tiling rules are motivated by geometric considerations an…
A preclinical toxicology study of intraperitoneally administered liposome encapsulated doxorubicin and free doxorubicin was carried out in beagle dogs. Dogs received single intraperitoneal infusions of 1.5 mg free or 1.5, 2.25 or 3.37 mg liposomal doxorubicin/kg. One group of four dogs received 1.5 mg liposomal doxoru…
Abstract The effect of temperature, postcure, and fiber orientation on water absorption were examined for Kerimid® 723 bismaleimide resin. The effect of fiber orientation was also examined for Avimid® N and BASF X‐5260. Water absorption in Kerimid® 723 was found to have an Arrhenius temperature dependence, depend on d…
To better understand the role of shape complementarity in ligand binding and protein core interactions, the structures have been determined of a set of ligands bound within a cavity-containing mutant of T4 lysozyme. The interior cavity is seen to consist of two parts that respond very differently to the binding of lig…
Buried polar residues are a common feature of natural proteins. ACID-p1 and BASE-p1 are two designed peptides that form a parallel, heterodimeric coiled coil with a fixed tertiary structure [O'Shea, E. K., Lumb, K. J., & Kim, P. S. (1993) Curr. Biol. 3, 658-667]. The interface between the ACID-p1 and BASE-p1 helices c…
We report a simple interferometric method for simultaneous, in situ measurement of both the thickness and the depth resolved optical losses of thin transparent films. The experimental arrangement is simple requiring only a laser and a detector regardless of the substrate. The originality of our method is based on the…
Polarized Raman and infrared spectra of Li 2 Ge 7 O 15 single crystals were measured in the frequency range 5-1000 cm -1 at room temperature. The spectra are analysed within the framework of the Landau theory of structural phase transitions from a (hypothetical) fully disordered deficient structure (aristotype). The m…
Pump-probe measurements of coherent-phonon-induced changes of refractive index in LaAl${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ are dominated by normally weak boundary effects. Atomic displacements in the range 50--500 $\ensuremath{\mu}\AA{}$ were generated and probed by femtosecond laser pulses through impulsive Raman scattering. The absen…
In this report, a diffusion analysis has been extended to a lattice containing two interstitial sites, and the results obtained are used to understand: (1) the formation of a nitrided/unnitrided N configuration for intermediate N content and (2) the abnormally small (apparent) diffusion frequency factor, both of which…
The set of partial differential equations satisfied by the phonon and phason displacement fields u and w in quasicrystals has been solved by means of Fourier transform and eigenstrain methods, and general expressions of the elastic displacement fields induced by dislocations in quasicrystals have been given in terms o…
A two-dimensional liquid droplet placed on a non-uniformly heated solid surface will move towards the region of colder temperatures if the temperature gradient in the solid surface is large enough. Such behaviour is analysed for a thin viscous droplet using lubrication theory to develop an evolution equation for the s…
Two nonmiscible liquids separated by planar interfaces and undergoing shear flow have been simulated with nonequilibrium molecular dynamics (NEMD) methods. A homogeneous shear scheme was used for imposing shear flow in the system. The homogeneous shear algorithm needs to be combined with a profile-unbiased thermostat…
Abstract Many natural materials have exceptionally high values of the mechanical performance indices described in the previous, companion paper. For beams and plates of a given stiffness or strength, or for a column of a given buckling resistance, woods, palms and bamboo are among the most efficient materials availabl…
Abstract The mechanical properties of natural materials as diverse as wood, muscle, shell and bone are plotted on material-property charts which show the relationships between properties. Performance indices are used to identify the load-bearing applications in which each performs particularly well. By these criteria,…
Neuartige lineare Ketten aus Polyoxometallat‐Einheiten PMnW 11 O 39 , die über Mn‐O‐W‐Brücken verbunden sind (Bild unten), liegen in der Struktur der Titelverbindung 1 vor. Diese Ketten aus Keggin‐Einheiten alternieren mit Schichten der organischen Komponente Bis(ethylendithio)tetrathiafulvalen (ET), 1 verspricht inte…
π‐Stapelwechselwirkungen zwischen ca. 3.4 Å entfernten aromatischen Ligandeneinheiten von L − führen zu schwachen ferromagnetischen Kopplungen im Tetramer [Mn 4 L 4 ](PF 6 ) 4 1 . Da der Hohlraum von L − zu groß für ein einzelnes Mn II ‐Ion ist, bildet sich ein Mn 4 ‐Tetraeder, über dessen Dreiecksflächen jeweils ein…