Materials Literature
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The nature and mechanisms of formation of the spontaneous polarization arising in thin ferroelectric films in the course of formation of a thin-film capacitor structure and relaxation of this polarization under the action of an electric field, temperature, and illumination are discussed.
Via-depletion electromigration was studied under a number of conditions in a 65-nm technology. Observed failure distributions were either single mode or bimodal, depending on the structural configuration. The distribution and the time to fail for the early-fail mode of the bimodal distributions varied with linewidth,…
Ultraviolet and visible upconversion emissions under infrared excitation have been obtained and compared in Nd3+-doped oxyfluoride glasses and glass ceramics prepared by different methods. The mechanisms involved in such processes have been analyzed. A spectroscopy study comparing absorption and upconversion excitatio…
When applying Wilkens' dislocation line broadening theory, the dependence on each individual slip system need to be considered, since the Fourier coefficients result from a convolution product over all active slip-systems. Corresponding diffraction profi
For ecological reasons, there is an increasing demand for recycling polyethylene terephthalate (PET) wastes in developed countries. Although one potential application might be its utilisation for the production of activated carbons, the behaviour of these wastes when subjected to different heat treatments and activati…
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Characteristic features of superplastic behavior of Mg-10 wt % Gd alloy with an ultrafine-grained structure produced by severe plastic deformation by high-pressure torsion have been considered. The ultrafine-grained structure has been studied by transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The optimum tempe…
The calibration methods for the ARCADE II instrument are described and the accuracy estimated. The Steelcast coated aluminum cones which comprise the calibrator have a low reflection while maintaining 94% of the absorber volume within 5mK of the base temperature (modeled). The calibrator demonstrates an absorber with…
This paper describes the circularly polarized spectroscopic studies on absorption and emission of an achiral fluorescent dye embedded in cholesteric liquid crystals (CLCs). Optical excitation of the dye-doped CLC cell with a linearly polarized laser brought about the two laser emission peaks at longer and shorter refl…
In this paper, the oxygen sensitivity of gallium oxide thin films and single crystals at high temperatures is presented. To investigate the oxygen sensing mechanism at high temperature, we used sputtered β-Ga 2 O 3 thin films and β-Ga 2 O 3 single crystals with different electrode geometries. For β-Ga 2 O 3 single cry…
Poly(phenylene sulfide) (PPS) is an engineering thermoplastic polymer that presents high temperature resistance (glass transition temperature around 85 ºC and melting point at 285 ºC). These properties combined with its mechanical properties and its high chemical resistance allows its use in technological applications…
Violet-blue photoluminescence (β-band emission) of twofold-coordinated tin (O–Sn 0 –O, >Sn 0 ) atoms in silica (SiO 2 ) glasses, synthesized via a sol–gel route, was observed with a large band tail to longer wavelength. The presence of >Sn 0 centers more easily enabled us to produce Sn-associated E'-centers with X-ray…
We have fabricated the cross-point phase change memory with a selection diode made of poly-Si. The selection diode was fabricated using a low-thermal-budget process that achieved low contact resistivity, high on-current density of 8 MA/cm2 and low off-current density of 100 A/cm2. The improvement in the properties of…
In order to improve filler-fiber bonding in paper, starch-filler composites were prepared by a starch-fatty acid complex formation method. These composites were used as a papermaking filler to improve the physical properties of the paper, filler retention, and the sizing effect. The solubility of the starch-fatty acid…
Abstract Cation‐exchange–capacity (CEC) results of calcareous soils and clays can be erroneous if the ammonium acetate method is used. In this study, a model is proposed to explain the process for systematic underestimation of the CEC. Seven clayey sediments from Germany with varying calcite and low organic‐C content…
The acoustic sound dispersion of nitrogen in its liquid and supercritical phase has been studied by Inelastic X-Ray Scattering (IXS). Approaching supercritical conditions, the gradual disappearance of the positive sound dispersion, characteristic of the low-temperature liquid, is observed. In the supercritical state,…
A solid shell element model is proposed for the elastic bifurcation buckling analysis of double-walled carbon nanotubes (DWCNTs) under axial compression. The solid shell element allows for the effect of transverse shear deformation which becomes significant in a stocky DWCNT with relatively small radius-to-thickness r…
In the present work, a large glass‐forming region was found in the novel GeS 2 –Sb 2 S 3 –PbS system, in which up to 58 at.% PbS could be incorporated without deteriorating the thermal and physical properties of glasses. Infrared (IR) transmitting glass ceramics with a large amount of small‐sized crystals (<100 nm)…
Abstract Kapellasite, Cu 3 Zn(OH) 6 Cl 2 , is a new secondary mineral from the Sounion No. 19 mine, Kamariza, Lavrion, Greece. It is a polymorph of herbertsmithite. Kapellasite forms crusts and small aggregates up to 0.5 mm, composed of bladed or needle-like indistinct crystals up to 0.2 mm long. The colour is green-b…
Layered systems include a large number of mineral families and synthetic compounds of great technological importance. It is well known that their structural features, including those associated to certain defects, are directly related to their physical-chemical properties. Indeed the microstructural characterization o…