Materials Literature
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Ultrahigh-density storage devices consisting of poling reversed nanodots are examined using a scanning nonlinear dielectric microscope (SNDM). By using the SNDM, real-time observation of the poling direction was attempted and an unexpected phenomenon was discovered. For lithium tantalite films thicker than 350 nm, pol…
A novel parameterization of x-ray interaction cross-sections is developed, and employed to describe the x-ray linear attenuation coefficient and mass energy absorption coefficient for both elements and mixtures. The new parameterization scheme addresses the Z-dependence of elemental cross-sections (per electron) using…
90° elastic domains were observed after local polings in epitaxial ferroelectric Pb(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3 thin films via piezoresponse force microscopy. An area of internal stress arises under a conductive atomic force microscope tip due to the opposite signs of the converse piezoelectric effects in the switched domain and th…
The ground-state polarization of BaTiO3 nanosized films and cells is studied using an atomic-level simulation approach based on a shell model with parameters obtained from first-principles calculations. We demonstrate that the critical thickness for ferroelectricity in a free-standing BaTiO3 stress-free film is 3.6 nm…
We report an alternative way of preparing high-quality single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). Using a triple-layer thin film of Al/Fe/Mo (with Fe as a catalyst) on an oxidized Si substrate, the sample is exposed to a single short burst (5 s) of acetylene at 1000 °C. This produced a high yield of very well graphitized…
Pertsevite is a new Mg borate from a contact-metasomatic kotoite marble from the region east of Verkhoyansk, Sakha-Yakutia, northeastern Siberia. The end member is defined as Mg 2 BO 3 F, which is the composition of a synthetic phase. The natural material consistently contains from 4 to 12 wt.% SiO 2 as well as some O…
Coaxial nanocables composed of a uniform single‐crystalline β‐SiC core, an amorphous SiO 2 intermediate layer, and a graphitic carbon sheath (see Figure) have been synthesized via a simple chemical vapor deposition route. By annealing the nanocables, chains of carbon nanotube–SiC heterojunctions have been prepared. Th…
The purpose of this paper is to explain why the standard continuum theory fails to properly describe certain mechanical phenomena and how the description can be improved by enrichments that incorporate the influence of gradients or weighted spatial averages of strain or of an internal variable. Three typical mechanica…
Highly porous gold beads have been synthesized from gold nanoparticle “building blocks” using emulsion‐ templated polymer beads as scaffolds (see Figure and cover for scanning electron microscopy images). The distribution of the nanoparticles throughout the scaffold can be controlled, which in turn allows a variety of…
ZnO nanocoral reefs and nanofibers are synthesized on the glass substrate dip coated with ZnO seed with nanoparticles with an average size of 5 nm under a hydrothermal reaction. The ratios of length to diameter for the former and the latter are determined to be 100 and 1000, respectively. In addition, we found that a…
Abstract Tissue engineering aims to create new tissues and organs to replace those lost to disease, trauma, or congenital defects. However, considerable instruction must be given to the cells forming these new tissues if one is to create a tissue structurally and functionally similar to the native tissue. Materials ar…
Alternate-current electroluminescent (ac EL) devices based on doped ZnS nanocrystals emitting blue, green, and orange-red colors are reported. ZnS nanocrystals doped with Cu+–Al3+ and Cu+–Al3+–Mn2+ combinations were synthesized by wet chemical method at room temperature. The ZnS:Cu+, Al3+ nanocrystals show blue (462 n…
Antimony-doped tin oxide (SnO2:Sb) thin films (100–480 nm thick) have been deposited by pulsed-laser deposition on glass substrates without a postdeposition anneal. The structural, electrical, and optical properties of these films have been investigated as a function of doping amount, substrate temperature, and oxygen…
The Heisenberg spin chain compound Sr3CuPtO6 is investigated by magnetic susceptibility and heat capacity measurements. Sr3CuPtO6 has an unconventional chain structure in the sense that i) the spin half copper atoms are arranged in a zigzag chain structure, and ii) neighboring Cu atoms along the chains are separated b…
A facile solution‐phase reaction has been developed to fabricate carbon nanotube/CdS core–shell nanowires (see Figure). The thickness of the CdS sheath can be controlled by varying the concentration of the precursors. The obtained heterostructures demonstrate an enhanced surface photovoltage response, which is associa…
Wave propagation in coherently absorbing disordered media is generally modeled by adding a complex part to the real part of the potential. In such a case, it is already understood that the complex potential plays a duel role; it acts as an absorber as well as a reflector due to the mismatch of the phase of the real an…
Dielectric permittivity measurements show that (1-x)NaNbO3-(x)Gd1/3NbO3 crystals, at $x=0.09$, exhibit a first order phase transition near 150 C which is diffuse over a wide temperature interval. The area of the ε(T) thermal hysteresis loop was found to depend both on the annealing and cooling temperatures. Optical st…
We have investigated the effects of oxygen plasma treatment on the UV detection properties of ultrathin (∼20-nm-thick) ZnO epitaxial films. Highly epitaxial ZnO films grown on sapphire were exposed to oxygen-radical-rich, inductively coupled plasma, and then their UV detection properties were characterized at 325 nm w…
Electrospun nanofibers of polyacrylonitrile , containing an iron compound, have been converted to carbon nanofibers, with iron particles on their surfaces. The iron particles catalyze the growth of carbon nanotubes with iron tips (see Figure). A mechanically strong and electrically conducting path exists between each…
Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibers containing 10 wt.‐% single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) exhibit a 100 % improvement in tensile modulus and reduced thermal shrinkage and polymer solubility. A 40 °C increase in glass transition temperature as compared to the control PAN fiber is also observed (see Figure). SWNT anisot…