Materials Literature
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<div class="htmlview paragraph">Recent developments in design of composite armor for lightweight ground vehicle applications is discussed. Composite integral armor (CIA) is a multi-functional hybrid material system that has been successfully demonstrated in the Composite Armored Vehicle. A typical CIA hull consi…
<div class="htmlview paragraph">Strict legislation standards for automotive emission limits (e.g. ULEV, SULEV), which target for HC conversion rates beyond 99 %, impose the necessity to dramatically shorten catalyst Light-Off time and increase catalytic efficiency through improved catalytic converter heat-up. Es…
<div class="htmlview paragraph">NOx adsorber has already been used for the after-treatment system of series production vehicle installed with a lean burn or direct injection engine [<span class="xref">1</span>,<span class="xref">2</span>,<span class="xref">3</span>]. In order…
In view of practical handling of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs), here we present cutting procedures and spontaneous ordering of SWNTs deposited on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG). Purified SWNTs were cut by ultrasonication in H2SO4/HNO3 mixture and further in de-ionized water. Thus, prepared short SW…
We report torque magnetization measurements in regions of the mixed state phase diagram ( $\mathbf{B}\ensuremath{\sim}{\ensuremath{\mu}}_{o}{\mathbf{H}}_{c2}$ and ${T}_{c}{/10}^{3}$) of the organic superconductor $\ensuremath{\kappa}\ensuremath{-}(\mathrm{ET}{)}_{2}\mathrm{Cu}(\mathrm{NCS}{)}_{2}$, where quantum fluct…
<div class="htmlview paragraph">Though very important for the system performance, the dynamic behavior of the catalytic converter has mainly been neglected in the design of exhaust emission control systems. Since the major dynamic effects stem from the oxygen storage capabilities of the catalytic converter, a no…
A metastable state, characterized by a low degree of mass localization, is identified using density-functional theory (DFT). This free energy minimum, located through the proper evaluation of competing terms in the free energy functional, is independent of the specific form of the DFT used. Computer simulation results…
<div class="htmlview paragraph">Diesel particulate trap regeneration is a complex process involving the interaction of phenomena at several scales. A hierarchy of models for the relevant physicochemical processes at the different scales of the problem (porous wall, filter channel, entire trap) is employed to obt…
An ultrafast optical response is studied in a quasi-one-dimensional halogen-bridged mixed-valence metal complex [Pt(en)(2)] [Pt(en)2I2] (ClO4)(4) with ultrafast time resolution. Wave packet motions both in the ground and self-trapped exciton (STE) states are observed as oscillatory modulations in the time-resolved ref…
We describe a method for producing arrays of atomically flat mesa structures on Si(111) through the deposition of Si on a lithographically patterned substrate in the temperature range 750–850 °C. The Si source was a supersonic beam of Si2H6. With an appropriate choice of substrate temperature and deposition rate, the…
<div class="htmlview paragraph">Cordierite has been the cost-effective material of choice for diesel particulate filters (DPFs) for heavy duty vehicles due to its combination of excellent thermal shock resistance, filtration efficiency, and durability under most operating conditions. However, it has been observe…
The electrical properties of amorphous carbon are governed by the high localization of the ${\mathrm{sp}}^{2}\ensuremath{\pi}$ states, and conventional methods of altering the ${\mathrm{sp}}^{2}$ content result in macroscopic graphitization. By using ion beams we have achieved a delocalization of the \ensuremath{\pi}…
<div class="htmlview paragraph">Blending pyrolitic oil (or Waste Plastic Disposal) produced from household and industrial plastic wastes with Marine Heavy Fuel Oil (C.Oil) reduces the viscosity of the heavy oil significantly. The experimental results indicated that, the WPD mixing ratio of 20 vol.% reduces the e…
A computational model which describes the combustion and heat transfer that takes place during forced regeneration of honeycomb structured wall flow type diesel particulate filter was developed. In this model, heat released by the soot- oxygen reaction, convection heat transfer in the gas phase, conductive heat transf…
<div class="htmlview paragraph">As demand for wall-flow Diesel Particulate Filters (DPF) increases, accurate predictions of DPF behavior, and in particular their pressure drop, under a wide range of operating conditions bears significant engineering applications. In this work, validation of a model and developme…
Epitaxial growth of CeO2(001) thin films on Si(001) substrates was achieved by electron beam evaporation. Reflection high-energy electron diffraction and cross-sectional high-resolution transmission electron microscopy established the formation of an epitaxial CeO2(001)/Si(001) structure with a cube-on-cube configurat…
Neither pure Mott insulators nor pure charge-transfer insulators have ever been considered as a possible candidate for nonlinear optical (NLO) materials since individually neither the strong correlation (U) nor the large charge transfer (Delta) is favorable to the NLO response. However, in their composites, charge-tra…
<div class="htmlview paragraph">Energy savings are among the most important goals of steel users. Usinor proposes a wide range of very high strength steels (HSLA, DP, TRIP, etc.) for weight reduction and impact resistance. This text deals with the mechanical testing and different design solutions associated with…
<div class="htmlview paragraph">The LEV II and EURO V legislation in 2007/2008 require a high conversion level for nitrogen oxides to meet the emission levels for diesel SUVs and trucks. Therefore, U.S. and European truck manufacturers are considering the introduction of urea SCR systems no later than model year…
<div class="htmlview paragraph">Transesterified fuels (biodiesel fuels; BDF) from vegetable oils are alternative fuels for diesel engines, they are renewable and offer potential reductions in carbon dioxide emissions. Many studies have reported that exhaust from BDF has equal or higher NOx concentrations while H…