Materials Literature
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Folding and unfolding of atomic layers has been performed at step edges of graphite using a scanning tunneling microscope. The technique consists of modulating the distance or bias voltage between the microscope tip and the sample when scanning selected areas. Calculation of the energies involved in the manipulations…
Amorphous magnetostrictive films of the composition (Tb0.27Dy0.73)0.3Fe0.7 have been prepared by ion-beam sputtering. The films have been subjected to a subsequent heat treatment for 10 min at various temperatures. Annealing temperatures to 550 °C result in a significant enhancement of the magnetostriction while the m…
Nanostructured anatase titanium dioxide (TiO2) has been obtained using chemical vapor deposition (CVD). In order to arrive at a fractal-type morphology, two different titanium precursors were injected simultaneously into a cold-wall CVD system. With this method, a wide variety of morphologies can be obtained. For sola…
Using atomistic computer simulations, symmetric and asymmetric Σ = 3 <112> tilt grain boundaries in Cu were investigated. Equilibrium energies and structures were calculated by static and dynamic energy minimization. A semi-empirical N-body potential served as a model of the interatomic forces in Cu. The atomistic str…
Axially propagated ultrasound (APU) has been used to remove mineralized Proteus mirabilis biofilms from water‐filled glass tubes. Pulses (30 s) of ultrasound at frequencies ranging from 350 to 20 kHz were applied to one end of the tubes and the extent of biofilm removal was assessed by infra‐red absorptiometry. The re…
A new raphid pennate diatom genus, Eunophora, and three new species are described from highland lakes and streams in Tasmania and New Zealand. Eunophora tasmanica and E. indistincta are only found in Tasmania; E. oberonica and a fourth species (Eunophora sp. 1) also occur in New Zealand. The presence of polar rimoport…
Spherical perovskite oxide powders, composed of fine particulates, were prepared by using spherical gel powders under hydrothermal conditions. Spherical PbTiO 3 , BaTiO 3 , and SrTiO 3 powders were synthesized from spherical TiO 2 gel powders, and spherical PbZrO 3 powder from spherical ZrO 2 gel powder. Spherical Pb(…
Changes in local structures with aging in yttria‐stabilized zirconia were examined by extended x‐ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) and internal friction measurement. An analysis of EXAFS shows that a decrease in the first nearest neighbor coordination number of Zr ions, which means short range ordering of oxygen i…
A pulse-height spectroscopic technique is used to measure the linear attenuation coefficients of commercially available composite phantom materials designed to simulate the attenuation characteristics of breast fat and breast glandular tissue. The manufacturers have specified the composition of these materials with th…
The spin-state transition in perovskite ${\mathrm{LaCoO}}_{3}$ has been a controversial topic ever since its discovery. To obtain a better physical understanding of its origin we have studied various magnetically ordered states of an enlarged double cell, including the low-spin state, intermediate-spin state, high-spi…
Ge and GeO2 nanocrystals are prepared in a-SiOx matrix by DC-magnetron sputtering and thermal annealing. An increased infrared absorption at 860 cm−1 is found in films containing GeO2 clusters. Under ultra violet excitation, both types of films luminesce near 3.1 eV, with a characteristic blue PL decay time around 1 n…
Aluminium phthalocyanines sulfonated to a different degree ( AlPcS n ) and consisting of various isomeric species were studied by spectroscopic techniques to determine their tendencies to form dimers and aggregates. These characteristics were compared with the cell-penetrating properties of the species, using the Ehrl…
The work reported in the preceding article in this series is extended by consideration of polysiloxane–ceramic composites based on atactic poly(methylphenylsiloxane) (PMPS) elastomers instead of poly(dimethylsiloxane). The former is noncrystallizable because of its stereochemically irregular structure, while the latte…
The (Sr1−1.5xBix)TiO3 (0.0133⩽x⩽0.133) ceramic system reveals several sets of dielectric permittivity peaks in different temperature ranges. Dielectric permittivity and dielectric loss peaks were detected in the temperature range 500–800 K and in the present article the dielectric polarization behavior is presented an…
Concentration dependences of a complete set of ionic transport properties are reported for the binary solid polymeric ion conductor poly(ethylene‐oxide) [P(EO)], complexed with NaTFSI, [TFSI = (bis)trifluoromethanesulfonate imide, ]. Measured transport properties include the ionic conductivity (σ), the differential sa…
We report magnetic and magnetoresistance (MR) measurements in the current-in-plane (CIP) and current-perpendicular-to-the-plane (CPP) geometries of multilayers and spin-valve structures based on the predicted half-metallic (100% spin-polarized) ferromagnetic Heusler alloy NiMnSb. Multilayers of the form [NiMnSb/Cu]×10…
Optical gaps and electrochromic efficiencies of sputtered tungsten oxide films are studied by focusing attention on the cluster size of the film. The cluster consists of O‐W‐O network with terminal W=O bonds on its boundary. The quantity of W=O bonds increased with the surface area of the clusters. Raman scattering ba…
Polycrystalline copper (I) oxide films were deposited on stainless steel substrate by galvanostatic electrodeposition method and were characterized by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The effect of bath temperature, bath pH and current density on the compositon, grain size, surface texture and surfa…
meso -Tetrakis(5-trimethylammoniopentyl)porphyrin (TMAP) was incorporated in MCM-41 directly during a hydrothermal synthesis or by a surfactant ↔ porphyrin ion-exchange reaction with as-synthesized MCM-41. Both methods permitted encapsulation of the porphyrin within the mesoporous channel system. UV−vis absorption spe…
Novel polymer electrolytes based on network polymers with free chain ends have been prepared, and the effects of the free chain ends on the thermal and mechanical properties, the ionic conductivity, and the charge‐transfer resistance at the lithium electrode interface have been explored in detail. Terminal hydroxyl gr…