Materials Literature
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Using the evanescent-wave-ellipsometry technique, we have studied the orientational wetting behavior of the homologous series of alkyl cyanobiphenyl liquid crystals (nCB, n=5 to 9) on a glass coated with silane surfactant molecules. The results show complete wetting for 6CB to 9CB and partial wetting for 5CB. They com…
Abstract Electrochemical polarization measurements have been used to examine the corrosion of carbon steel by aqueous CO2 at partial pressures from 0 to 1.4 MPa in rotating disk and static electrode cells at 25°C. A detailed corrosion mechanism was derived which consisted of four redox reactions under varying types of…
In the isotropic-to-lamellar transition, nonlinear fluctuation terms lower the transition temperature ${\ensuremath{\tau}}_{c}$ and drive the transition first order. Here we show that steady shear, by suppressing the fluctuations, raises ${\ensuremath{\tau}}_{c}$; in a certain temperature range the lamellar phase can…
Quasistatic and kinetic studies of the infrared CO stretch bands of carbonmonoxymyoglobin show that proteins and glasses share essential characteristics, in particular metastability below a transition temperature and relaxation processes that are nonexponential in time and non-Arrhenius in temperature.
Neutron reflectivity from annealed thin films of the poly(styrene-b-deuterated methylmethacrylate), P(S-b-D-MMA), reveals the formation of a multilayered morphology parallel to the film surface. This multilayer forms so that PS locates, preferentially, at the air/copolymer and D-PMMA at the substrate/copolymer interfa…
The effects of ion bombardment on the morphology of compact lead films of under 100 nm thickness were investigated by spectroscopic ellipsometry, Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In contrast to the expected uniform removal of the surface by ion bombardment, on which the determ…
This paper reports on the systematical investigation into the magnetic properties of Fe/Co, Fe/CoFe, and (Fe/Co)/SiO2 multilayer films. Magnetostriction in Fe/Co and Fe/CoFe films can be controlled by changing the thicknesses of the layers. The Fe/Co film (10/0.5 nm) shows saturation magnetization of more than 2 T and…
The broadband luminescence peaking at about 790 nm in a natural sample of sillimanite was investigated. The origin of luminescence is most likely Cr impurities. The temperature dependences of decay time, total intensity, and thermal broadening of emission line shapes were measured. Relatively long decay times at room…
High-temperature Raman-scattering measurements in anhydrous polycrystalline ${\mathrm{CaBr}}_{2}$ have revealed the occurrence of a structural phase transition at a temperature ${T}_{c}$ within the region 760--780 K. The variation of the Raman spectrum indicates that ${\mathrm{CaBr}}_{2}$ transforms from its room-temp…
The relaxation and interface quality of two representative molecular-beam-epitaxy-grown Si-Si1−xGex strained-layer superlattices have been investigated by Raman scattering spectroscopy, double-crystal x-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and charge collection microscopy in a scanning electron microscop…
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElectrochemical performance of crosslinked poly(styrene)-co-poly(vinylpyridine) composite electrodes containing carbon blackJongman. Park and Brenda R. ShawCite this: Anal. Chem. 1989, 61, 8, 848–852Publication Date (Print):April 15, 1989Publication History Published online1…
Tungsten oxide films (WO(3)) are deposited by thermal evaporation techniques using the starting materials of tungsten (W) and tungsten oxide (WO(3)). By varying deposition parameters, three main types of WO(3) film exhibiting different optical properties form. These are blue, gray, and colorless films. The samples are…
We discuss the characteristic solid-solution hardening and softening of Al-based fcc alloys using ab initio Korringa-Kohn-Rostoker augmented-spherical-wave electronic structure calculations. We choose the dilute Al-X alloy systems, X being Li, Be, Na, Mg, Ca, and Cu, which exhibit characteristic solid-solution hardeni…
We have discussed a valence-electron energy-loss spectrum measured in reflection geometry using a cylindrical mirror analyzer (CMA) and derived the angular distribution of inelastic scattering, the momentum transfer, and the differential cross section per unit energy. If a critical inelastic-scattering angle is smalle…
Below a temperature TB, the rotational relaxation of small molecules in supercooled liquids appears to bifurcate into slow α and faster β relaxations. The characteristic time for the former diverges in Vogel–Fulcher fashion at the glass transition Tg and that of the latter follows Arrhenius behavior from above TB to b…
We have used a one-dimensional kinetic analysis to model the gas-phase chemistry that occurred during the diamond growth experiments of Chauhan, Angus, and Gardner [J. Appl. Phys. 47, 4746 (1976)]. In those experiments the weight of diamond seed crystals heated by lamps in a CH4/H2 environment was monitored by a micro…
Hydrogen was found to alter the electrical properties of gold (Au), titanium (Ti), and tungsten (W) thin films deposited on SiO2/Si substrates. Specifically, the addition of H2 was found to reduce both hillock growth and the rate of electromigration in Au and Ti films. The resistance and 1/f noise of unpassivated Au,…
We have determined the surface-plasmon modes of cylindrical pores in metals and of pairs of coupled cylindrical pores having parallel axes. The eigenfrequencies and the polarization fields are determined in the case of interacting pores of equal radii where the modes are even or odd with respect to the symmetry plane.…
The onset of rigidity in ${\mathrm{Se}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{x}}$${\mathrm{Ge}}_{\mathrm{x}}$ glasses is probed by room-temperature longitudinal and transverse elastic moduli determined by ultrasonic measurements. The longitudinal modulus displays linear behavior with increasing x up to x=0.3, correspondin…
The energy transfer between the ${\mathrm{Mn}}^{2+}$ ions and free electrons and electrons bound on shallow donors in ${\mathrm{CdF}}_{2}$:Mn,Y crystals has been examined. This so-called Auger effect on localized impurities turned out to be a very efficient quenching mechanism of the deep luminescent centers in semico…