Materials Literature
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It is known that the Lifshitz condition is not a necessary condition for second-order phase transitions in crystals. We show, however, that a certain necessary condition (which we have termed "the weak Lifshitz condition") does exist, though much weaker than the original Lifshitz condition. This necessary condition im…
Abstract The melting or plasticating behavior of seven commercial polymers (high density polyethylene, low density polyethylene, polypropylene, polyoxymethylene copolymer, polystyrene, poly(methyl methacrylate), and polycarbonate (PC) was investigated using an experimental apparatus specifically designed to measure th…
Anodic films on titanium formed in a perchloric acid‐acetic acid electropolishing electrolyte were investigated by Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) depth profile analysis. Films formed in at different potentials were used as standards for determining sputter rate and stoichiometry. Obtained results show linear film g…
The role of electrochemically coprecipitated cobalt hydroxide and nickel hydroxide has been investigated at a nickel microelectrode for purposes of elucidating the effect of cobalt hydroxide on the electrode reactions of battery active nickel hydroxide. Hydroxide films were deposited onto the electrode surface from bo…
A frequent observation in metal oxidation is the development of subparabolic kinetics, variously described as cubic or quartic. Although a number of detailed mechanisms have been proposed to account for this effect, none seem generally applicable. This paper presents a model of the oxidation process which is divorced…
A simple extension of Hill’s formulation for anisotropic plasticity which accounts for the distortion of the yield surface, Mij, the strength differential between tension and compression, αi and the effective size of the loading surface, k, has been proposed. These material parameters, Mij, αi, and k, define the initi…
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTX-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of porphyrinsJ. P. Macquet, M. M. Millard, and T. TheophanidesCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1978, 100, 15, 4741–4746Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1978https://pubs.ac…
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSolution behavior of dialkyldimethylammonium chloride in water. Basic properties of antistatic fabric softenersHironobu Kunieda and Kozo ShinodaCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1978, 82, 15, 1710–1714Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 200…
An unsteady, hydrodynamic model of the impact of a low strength projectile on a rigid or semi-rigid target has been developed. Impact tests of various materials including birds, gelatin, and RTV rubber have been conducted to validate this theory. At velocities above 100 m/s, these materials were seen to flow as a flui…
In this paper we report the results from a transmission electron microscope study of α-iron after irradiation with heavy ions. No visible damage was observed following a low dose of self-ions in the energy range 40–240 keV. This is in contrast to the results from other pure metals where visible damage is produced afte…
Abstract The occurrence of polymers branched in a random fashion is common. Chain transfer reactions can cause short- and long-chain branching in polymerizations such as the high-pressure polymerization of ethylene. Branching can also be introduced intentionally by the use of a polyfunctional monomer in end-linking po…
A technique is described for applying flexible boundaries to an atomic region in computer simulation of dislocations or other line defects. The method results in continuity of equilibrium, under the chosen interatomic potential, across the interface between the atomic region and the outer region described in terms of…
Abstract Conformational energy calculations are used to investigate molecular motions in polyethylene crystals. From these a model is derived for the motion that accomplishes the net rotation translation that is believed to underlie the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and dielectric α processes in polyethylenes and p…
The stable tetrahedrane derivative (3)—the very first alkyl-substituted tetrahedrane—has now been synthesized photochemically from the cyclopentadienone (1). 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, mass, and IR spectra, as well as the reversible isomerization to (2), are compatible with the tetrahedrane structure. The unexpected stability o…
A series of experiments are reported which demonstrate that donors or acceptors can dope polyacetylene to n type or p type, respectively, and that the two kinds of dopants can compensate one another. The formation of a rectifying p-n junction is demonstrated. These results suggest the possibility of utilizing doped po…
We describe a computer model for predicting ductile-fracture initiation and propagation. The model is based on plastic strain. Fracture starts or a crack extends when the integrated product of the equivalent plastic-strain increment and a function of the mean stress exceeds a critical value over a critical length. Thi…
Polyacetylene film and bulk samples were prepared by polymerization of acetylene in the presence of a μ- (η1:η5-cyclopentadienyl) -tris (η-cyclopentadienyl) dititanium (Ti–Ti) catalyst in hexane. Conducting films (σR.T.∼25 Ω−1⋅cm−1), or bulk polymer samples (σR.T.∼1 Ω−1⋅ cm−1) were prepared by treatment of the nascent…
Abstract The term dynamic properties as applied to elastomers refers to the response to periodic or transient forces which do not cause failure or appreciable fatigue (permanent change of properties) during the investigation. Generally this is limited to vulcanizates subjected to deformations not exceeding about 25%;…
Abstract The Raman spectrum of partially crystalline polyethylene can be described as a superposition of three components, which originate from the orthorhombic crystalline phase, a meltlike amorphous phase, and a disordered phase of anisotropic nature, where chains are stretched but have lost their lateral order. The…
Considerable evidence has recently been presented for anomalous mois ture diffusion in epoxy matrix composites. In an earlier paper we noted that there is no a priori reason why moisture should obey simple diffusion theory rather than Kirkwood's (linear) generalization of the Boltzmann transport equation. With the int…