Materials Literature
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This paper deals with free-conducting particle motion and particle-triggered breakdown mechanism in AC and DC electric fields between nonparallel plane electrodes. Particle motion is divided into several modes, and particle-triggered breakdown mechanisms are discussed for each motion mode theoretically and experimenta…
Thermoelectric generators (TEGs) are unique solid state components that can be used as a cooling device when supplied with electric power. These coolers can be built in many configurations for unusual applications where parasitic thermal energy must be managed. Such an application is in secondary (rechargeable) batter…
Metal interconnect and barrier characterization are challenged by reduced feature sizes, advanced materials, and new technologies. Microstructure characterization of new materials is done for thin films deposited on flat substrates and for on-chip interconnect structures. In this paper, both Al and Cu metallizations a…
Electro-optic modulation using single-crystal film of an organic molecular salt with light propagating perpendicular to the film (transverse configuration) has been recently reported. In this letter, we report results of measurements at high speed (up to 1.5 GHz) using such films in the same configuration. Excellent s…
Discussing the various methods for SF/sub 6/ separation from SF/sub 6//N/sub 2/ mixtures, pressure swing adsorption (PSA) with a suitable kind of synthetic zeolite, which is expected molecular sieving effect derived from molecular size difference between SF/sub 6/ and N/sub 2/, has been selected. This molecular sievin…
The advancing technology of thin, lightweight, and high power ultracapacitor has been one of the most exciting and important developments in electronic components. The technology provides a new dimension for engineers and designers to manage the power and energy used in electronic products. The batteries will not have…
For an extensive understanding of the pollution flashover mechanism on hydrophobic surfaces, a series of experiments were designed to investigate the relationship between hydrophobicity, pollution severity and pollution withstand property of polymer insulators. Rain tests with the conductivity 100 /spl mu/S/cm to 1000…
Water treeing depends on many parameters, especially frequency. We have reviewed the literature for water trees grown in polyethylene soaked at room temperature in distilled water and various NaCl solutions. All existing data obtained with water needle electrodes (Ascraft cells) obey one single relationship between wa…
A new compound [CuHLCl]n, where H2L is the product of the condensation reaction between 2-formylphenoxyacetic acid and hydroxylamine, has been synthesized and its crystal structure determined. The copper(II) atom is in an O3NCl coordination environment and the helical chains of the complex are formed by square-pyramid…
This paper handles the experience with the ultra high frequency (UHF) partial discharge (PD) detection for GIS. After a short description of a typical PD monitoring system the Cigre sensitivity verification for the UHF method is explained. Examples of PD events from on-site testing and service monitoring are given and…
A phenomenological model to estimate life of insulation systems subjected to DC stress with or without polarity inversions is presented. The model is obtained applying Miner's law to life deriving from the decomposition of the supply stress in a DC voltage plus impulse voltages. The latter accounts for accelerated agi…
The increased diffusion of power-electronic drives in electrical plants and networks is worsening the quality of energy supply, particularly voltage-waveform distortion. The harmonic content of voltage and current has been shown to contribute to accelerated degradation of insulation systems and, thus, to premature fai…
Porcelain suspension insulators are widely used in the power system to provide electrical insulation and mechanical support for high voltage transmission lines. To detect and replace the faulty insulators on power transmission lines is of great importance for safe operation of the power system. The utilities detect th…
Results of conduction current measurements on Polycarbonate samples which underwent simultaneous electrical and thermal aging are reported. By recording the conduction current for different values of the electric field strength a transition from ohmic to high field conduction was observed. Such a characteristic change…
A family of nitroxide biradicals was synthesized for the purpose of creating terminal groups with high relaxivity for linkage to dendrimers for use as targeted MR contrast agents for articular cartilage. The structure of the nitroxide biradicals strongly influenced their MR relaxivities. The addition of a carbon atom…
High step-up DC/DC power converters have many applications, such as the front-end stages of high intensity discharge (HID) lamp ballasts. Conventionally, DC/DC converters with coupled inductors or transformers are employed to achieve high voltage gains. However, the efficiency is poor because of the high loss associat…
Gas-insulated transmission lines (GIL) are a further development of the tubular conductor intended for long distances and are especially suitable for connecting conurbations to centers of power supply. They are also as "invisible" as ordinary power cables as well as having a number of other advantages. The first mixed…
The synthesis and characterization of three new unsymmetrical porphyrins and their Co(II) complexes are reported. The method that is used by synthesizing the porphyrins has not previously been reported. Structural assignment of the porphyrins and their Co(II) complexes is based on the elemental analysis, UV-Vis, IR, a…
Abstract Surface‐induced layering of fluorinated and protonated segments in thin films of a main‐chain liquid‐crystalline polymer, consisting of α‐methylstilbene, bridged by a fluorinated group was revealed by neutron reflectometry. The layering was driven by the difference in surface energy of the fluorinated and pro…
The image charge as measured with a guarded needle apparatus continues to increase for a time as the voltage drops after reaching its peak value, before leveling off to a relatively constant value. The increase of apparent charge beyond the peak voltage is the result of charge spreading in the dielectric even as the v…