Materials Literature
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A survey is given of the available cross-section data for ionization of inner-shell electrons by incident electrons in the range of interest for electron-probe microanalysis and for Auger-electron spectroscopy of solid surfaces. Owing to the paucity of data, the bulk of the discussion is limited to $K$-shell and $L$-s…
Abstract The first part of the paper deals with a brief review over the present stage of the (kinematical) theory of the broadening of X‐ray diffraction lines of crystals containing dislocation distributions. In the second part experiments of X‐ray line broadening of plastically deformed Cu and NaCl single crystals ar…
A number of iodine compounds are studied as solids, in particular some iodine-oxygen and iodine-chlorine compounds and the tri-iodide ion. The chlorine 2p electron binding energy for I2Cl6 can be resolved into two peaks of intensity ratio 2:1 corresponding to terminal and bridging chlorine atoms. The iodine 3d electro…
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy has been used to determine the oxidation state of copper in various kinds of copper minerals. Cuprite Cu2O is found to be stable to air oxidation. Photoelectron spectra of carrollite Co2CuS4, germanite Cu3(Ge, Fe) (S, As)4 and covelline CuS reveal that these minerals contain univalent…
In a composite material consisting of a piezoelectric and a piezomagnetic phase which are mechanically coherent, electric and magnetic fields are converted into each other by a two-step process involving mechanical deformation as the intermediate step. We have developed such a material on the basis of a Co ferrite-Ba…
The electrical resistivity of ZnO doped with Al 2 O 3 was measured in air and under reduced pressure (∼0.5 mm Hg) in the range from 30° to 680°C as a function of the degree of sintering. The data obtained were explained in terms of the effects of the microstructure of the sintered body and the chemisorbed oxygen. Ther…
Research Article| September 01, 1976 Kinetics of illite formation DENNIS EBERL; DENNIS EBERL 1Department of Geology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801 Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar JOHN HOWER JOHN HOWER 2Department of Geology, Case Western Reserve Univers…
A method is proposed to determine design forces for earthquake-resistant design of reinforced concrete structures. The method uses a modified linear model of the structure and recognizes the effect of energy dissipation in the nonlinear range of response. Thus, the designer is provided with a procedure, at the level o…
By means of dielectric measurements and a Raman-scattering experiment, the uniaxial stress dependence of the ferroelectric and structural phonon modes in SrTi${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ crystal has been studied at liquid-helium temperature. The ferroelectric phase transitions were induced by a stress normal to the (100) or (11…
We discuss the equilibrium properties of flexible chains adsorbed on a flat surface, assuming that a) adsorption is weak, resulting in large thicknesses D for the adsorption layer, b) the chains are very long, c) the solvent is good, so that excluded volume effects become important (contrary to an early opinion of Hoe…
Papers are presented concerning hydrogen for energy, effects of internal hydrogen, effects of hydrogen-producing environments, effects of external hydrogen, hydrogen transport, hydride-forming materials engineering applications, and hydrogen research. Thirty-six of the papers were individually abstracted. (JRD)
A method was developed to determine the kinetic parameters controlling structural relaxation in the glass transition region from data acquired during continuous heating or cooling. The nonexponential character of the relaxation is accounted for by assuming an equilibrium isothermal relaxation function of the form exp…
The fracture toughness of Al 2 O 3 is considerably increased by the incorporation of fine monoclinic ZrO 2 particles. Hot‐pressed composites containing 15 vol % ZrO 2 yield K lc values of ∼ 10 MN/m 3/2 , twice that of the A1 2 O 3 matrix. It is hypothesized that this increase results from a high density of small matri…
Measurements of the dielectric constant κ in high-purity BaTiO3 ceramics as a function of temperature show that κ is quite dependent on grain size in the ferroelectric state while it is almost independent of grain size in the paraelectric state. In the ferroelectric orthorhombic and rhombohedral phases, κ decreases ra…
BASIC CONCEPTS. One-Dimensional Linear Element. A Finite Element Example. Element Matrices: Galerkin Formulation. Two-Dimensional Elements. Coordinate Systems. FIELD PROBLEMS. Two-Dimensional Field Equation. Torsion of Noncircular Sections. Derivative Boundary Conditions: Point Sources and Sinks. Irrotational Flow. He…
A study of the core-electron X-ray photoelectron (X-p.e.) spectra of the f0 compounds La2O3, LaMO3(M = Fe and Co), CeO2, and BaCeO3 is described. Results on the chelate species [La(tmhd)3] and [Ce(tmhd)4](tmhd = 2,2,6,6-tetramethylheptane-3,5-dionato) are included for comparison. Special precautions have been taken to…
An equation derived by Ritland relating the cooling rate and fictive temperature for glasses without memory is extended to those with memory, i.e. those which exhibit a spectrum of relaxation times. Provided that the spectrum of relaxation times is temperature‐independent, the limiting fictive temperature, T′ f , obta…
Expressions are presented for the moisture distribution and the mois ture content as a function of time of one dimensional homogeneous and composite materials exposed either on one side or on both sides to humid air or to water. The results apply during both moisture absorption and desorption when the moisture content…
The review is devoted to the properties of 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane, one of the strongest of the known organic π acids. Data concerning the methods of synthesis of 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane and its analogues and the physicochemical properties of compounds of this series are surveyed. The addition, subst…
We have deduced from measurements of the neutron elastic cross section that below the N\'eel temperature (${T}_{\mathrm{N}}$) the oxygen atoms in U${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ are shifted from their ideal fluorite positions. We find quantitative agreement with experiment by assuming a rearrangement (internal shear deformation w…