Materials Literature
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1. Introduction. 2. Textile Testing: Methods and Performance Specifications. 3. Handling Data. 4. Environmental Conditions For Testing. 5. Textile Properties that Influence Performance. 6. Tensile Properties. 7. Abrasion and Wear. 8. Refurbishing, Shape and Dimensional Stability. 9. Appearance Retention: Wrinkle and S…
The d.c. conductivity and the electric a.c. response from 100 Hz up to 40 MHz of poly(3 n -decylpyrrole) were measured in the 80-330 K interval to characterize the charge transport behaviour of the system. The d.c. conductivity well fitted the variable range hopping model, and the loss factor, after having deducted th…
Here we demonstrate that the unusual thermodynamic behavior of water can be explained by a simple two-order-parameter Landau-type theory naturally and physically, without considering the effects of a liquid-liquid critical point. To describe the hydrogen-bonding effects on the phase behavior, we introduce a bond order…
A processing route has been developed to grow bundles of carbon nanotubes on substrates from methane and hydrogen mixtures by microwave plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition, catalyzed by iron particles reduced from ferric nitrate. Growth takes place at about 900 °C leading to nanotubes with lengths of more than 2…
We argue that the key parameter responsible for the exchange-correlation enhancement of the orbital magnetic moments in solids is ``Hubbard $U$'' rather than the intra-atomic Hund's second rule coupling, being consistent with a more general concept of the orbital polarization. This leads us to a unified rotationally i…
The structure of Brønsted acid sites and the effects of the Al → Si and Si → P substitution in chabazite and AlPO 4 -34 frameworks, respectively, have been studied by ab initio plane-wave calculations on periodic models. Geometry distortions remain well localized to the nearest neighborhood of the Brønsted acid site.…
We present x-ray photoemission spectra of the vanadium oxides , and , and their analysis in terms of a simple cluster model based on the Anderson impurity Hamiltonian. The electronic structure of these materials is characterized by a strong V 3d-O 2p hybridization energy which exceeds the energy scales related to on-s…
We argue that to explain recent resonant tunneling experiments on crystals of ${\mathrm{Mn}}_{12}$ and ${\mathrm{Fe}}_{8}$, particularly in the low-T limit, one must invoke dynamic nuclear spin and dipolar interactions. The low- $T$, short-time relaxation will then have a $\sqrt{t/\ensuremath{\tau}}$ form, where $\ens…
Blends of poly(ether imide) (PEI, Ultem 1000) and an aromatic poly(ether amide) were studied. Although homogeneous or heterogeneous blends can be obtained depending on the blend preparation method, the inherent miscibility of the mixture was finally established. The so-called enthalpy relaxation method was used to det…
The self-assembly of ionically end-capped, symmetric polystyrene-polyisoprene diblock copolymers (PS-b-PI) has been studied. Structural data obtained from small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were correlated with the aggregation behavior of charged chain ends as evidenced by a…
The solid solutions of the Al 2 (WO 4 ) 3 −Sc 2 (WO 4 ) 3 −Lu 2 (WO 4 ) 3 series which hold the Sc 2 (WO 4 ) 3 -type structure were prepared and their ionic conducting characteristics were investigated. The maximum electrical conductivity was obtained for the solid solution of (Al 2 (WO 4 ) 3 ) 0.1 −((Sc 0.5 Lu 0.5 )…
Sso7d from the thermoacidophilic archaebacterium Sulfolobus solfataricus is a small globular protein with a known three-dimensional structure. Inspection of the structure reveals that Phe31 is a member of the aromatic cluster forming the protein hydrophobic core, whereas Trp23 is located on the protein surface and its…
Composite foam plates were prepared by baking a mixture of granular starch and aqueous poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVOH) solution inside a hot mold. Foam strength, flexibility, and water resistance were markedly improved by addition of 10–30% PVOH to starch batters. The improvement in strength at low humidity was greater for…
The mechanical properties of composites consisting of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and oil palm fibrous wastes—that is, empty fruit bunch (EFB)—have been investigated. Tensile modulus showed an increase, whereas tensile strength, elongation at break, and impact strength decreased with increasing filler loading. Th…
Woodflour of Eucaliptus saligna with two different chemical treatments (mercerization and esterification with maleic anhydride) was used as filler of an unsaturated polyester matrix. Woodflour was treated to increase the interfacial adhesion with the matrix, to improve the dispersion of the particles, and to decrease…
We consider planar brushes formed by end-grafted polymers with moderate to strong excluded-volume interactions. We first rederive the mean-field theory and solve the resulting self-consistent equations numerically. In the continuum limit, the results depend sensitively on a single parameter, beta, whose square is the…
The effectiveness of alumina-supported noble metal catalysts for the destructive oxidation of organic pollutants in effluent from a softwood kraft pulp mill was evaluated in a slurry reactor at 463 K and an oxygen pressure of 1.5 MPa. The effects of catalyst preparation procedures, such as metal loading, calcination,…
A kinetic model has been developed for the heterogeneously catalyzed methacrolein oxidation, the parameters of which reflect the redox and adsorptive properties of the heteropolyacid catalysts Cs x H 3 - x + y [PMo 12 - y V y O 40 ] ( x = 0, y = 0, 1; x = 1, y = 0, 1, 2). The model based on the Mars−van Krevelen mecha…
The synthesis of host−guest composites consisting of entrapped strands of poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) within the pores of inorganic hosts is described. Methyl methacrylate was adsorbed into microporous hosts including zeolite NaY, mordenite, beta, and ZSM-5 and then polymerized. Adsorption and polymerization was a…
Geometrical arrangements of minimum energy of a system of identical repelling particles in two dimensions are studied for different forms of the interaction potential. Stability conditions for the triangular structure are derived, and some potentials not satisfying them are discussed. It is shown that in addition to t…