Materials Literature
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Electromigration-induced stress distributions in 200 μm long, 10 μm wide aluminum conductor lines in 1.5 μm SiO2 passivation layers have been investigated in real time using synchrotron-based white-beam x-ray microdiffraction. The results show that a steady-state linear stress gradient along the length of the line dev…
$(\mathrm{RE}){\mathrm{Ni}}_{0.3}{\mathrm{Co}}_{0.7}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ $(\mathrm{RE}\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}=\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}\mathrm{L}\mathrm{a},\mathrm{N}\mathrm{d},\mathrm{S}\mathrm{m})$ oxides with the perovskite structure have been studied. All of these compounds show a spin-glass behavior at low tempera…
Highly tetrahedral hydrogenated amorphous carbon (ta-C:H) is deposited with a novel, 13.6 MHz excited electron cyclotron wave resonance (ECWR) plasma source. The ion flux of an acetylene and a nitrogen plasma was investigated by mass spectrometry and retarding field measurements. The ECWR gives a dissociation degree b…
The incoherent dynamic structure factor of orthoterphenyl is studied by quasielastic neutron scattering to 240 MPa. Tagged-particle correlations in the compressed liquid decay in two steps. The $\ensuremath{\alpha}$-relaxation line shape is independent of pressure, and the relaxation time proportional to viscosity. A…
Remarkable thermal stability is exhibited by [FeII(tcne)2]⋅x CH2Cl2 (57Fe Mössbauer spectra reveal that the oxidation state of iron is II), which was prepared by treating the MeCN solvate of FeI2 with tetracyanoethylene (TCNE). This method, which can also be applied to synthesize the analogous Mn, Co, and Ni compounds…
BaTiO 3 /SrTiO 3 multilayered thin films were deposited on Si and Pt/Si substrates. X-ray diffraction clearly shows the formation of the superstructures. Phase transition properties were studied via dielectric measurements. Glassy behavior, characterized by a strong frequency dispersion of dielectric properties, was f…
A convergent synthesis in which all trans double bonds were constructed by Wittig-Horner reactions produces dendrimers of the general structure 1. With long-chain alkoxy residues on the periphery of the benzene rings, the first two generations display liquid crystalline behavior.
The observation of unusually large, positive and rare-earth dependent $^{16}O\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}^{18}O$ isotope shifts in the metal-insulator transition temperature ${T}_{\mathrm{MI}}$ of $R\mathrm{NIO}{}_{3}$ perovskites is reported $(\ensuremath{\Delta}{T}_{\mathrm{MI}}\ensuremath{\le}+10.3\mathrm{K})$. The resu…
The energy diagram of ${\mathrm{Mn}}_{12}$-acetate is probed close to the top of the anisotropy barrier using a novel, high-sensitivity, electron paramagnetic resonance technique. Multiple resonances, and their temperature dependence, are observed from 35 to 115 GHz, for a single high-quality crystal. The data are suf…
Amphiphilic block copolymer templates in sol-gel processes yield bicontinuous silicates with distorted hexagonal symmetry (see, for example, the transmission electron migrograph depicted on the right). The long Bragg distance of 8-13 nm combined with the high mechanical and thermal stability suggests some promising pr…
Extensive molecular dynamics simulations are performed on a glass-forming Lennard-Jones mixture to determine the nature of the cooperative motions occurring in this model fragile liquid. We observe stringlike cooperative molecular motion (``strings'') at temperatures well above the glass transition. The mean length of…
The room-temperature modulated structure of ${\mathrm{NbTe}}_{4}$ was studied by means of scanning tunneling microscopy. In addition to a relatively weak image of the average structure and stronger contrast from the incommensurate modulation, contributions from domains of nanometer sizes were detected, which appeared…
To control in situ oxygen fugacity in a sample at high temperature and high pressure, the oxygen pump that is usually used at ambient pressure was introduced into a high‐pressure system in the present work. Inside the sample assembly, an oxygen buffer was used as an oxygen reservoir. By means of our high‐pressure oxyg…
The interplay between the electron repulsion $U$ and the Jahn-Teller electron-phonon interaction ${E}_{\mathrm{LR}}$ is studied with a large-$d$ model for the ferromagnetic state of the manganese oxides. These two interactions collaborate to induce local isospin (orbital) moments and to reduce the bandwidth $B.$ The r…
Electron scattering factors of ions are represented in a parametrized form which separates the diverging Coulomb term due to ionic charge from the contribution of the screened atomic field. Using this representation it is shown how dynamical reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED) calculations can be perfo…
We present the first characterization of the late photo-intermediates (Meta I, Meta II and Meta III) of a vertebrate cone pigment in a lipid environment. Marked differences from the same pathway in the rod pigment were observed. The histidine-tagged human green cone pigment was functionally expressed in large-scale su…
Electroluminescence of strained Si0.80Ge0.20/Si(001) pin diodes has been investigated experimentally and by quantitative modeling. The key aspect of this investigation was that by selective epitaxial growth the experimental critical thickness for plastic relaxation (80 nm at Tepi=700 °C and large areas) could be incre…
The electronic and magnetic properties of NaCl-type FeN and the hyperfine field at Fe sites in NaCl-type FeN are investigated by band calculations using a full-potential linearized augmented-plane-wave method. The equilibrium lattice constant obtained theoretically (∼4.0 Å) is much smaller than the experimental value…
The interfacial interactions between in situ thermally evaporated Au and polycarbonate (PC) film, a technologically important polymeric material, is studied by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Angle resolved XPS is performed to investigate the Au reactivity if any, in forming the metal-polymer interface. The sp…
A difference in thermal expansion between a thin film and its substrate causes mechanical stresses in the film. Therefore, knowledge of the thermal expansion coefficients of thin films are important for their technological applications. In this article, we present an analysis which can be used to extract the thermal e…