Materials Literature
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Reverse Monte Carlo produced structural models of silver ion conducting glasses and crystals have been investigated by the bond-valence technique. Both absolute ionic conductivity and activation energy can be determined directly from the "pathway volume" of the structural models, i.e., from the volume fraction of the…
The structural and thermodynamic properties of tethered polymer layers formed by spreading diblock copolymers at a solid surface or at a fluid-fluid interface are studied using a molecular mean-field theory. The role of the anchoring block in determining the properties of the tethered polymer layer is studied in detai…
To quantify the swelling response of polyelectrolyte dendrimers in aqueous solutions as affected by changes in solution conditions, we have studied eighth generation, G8, poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimers in D 2 O using small-angle neutron scattering. The charge density is manipulated by varying the pH of the soluti…
Cellulose samples from cotton linters, sisal, and sugar cane bagasse have been successively acylated (acetate, propionate, butyrate, and acetate/butyrate) under homogeneous reaction conditions, in LiCl/N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAC), by the following procedure: (i) cellulose and LiCl are heated under reduced pressure, a…
We have prepared the yttrium(III) alkoxides [(L Me2 )(HL Me2 )Y 3 (OCH 2 C 6 H 5 ) 4 ] ( 3) and [( S -L Me )Y] 2 ·2(HOCH 2 C 6 H 5 ) ( 1 ·2BnOH) through treatment of two previously developed complexes with benzyl alcohol. Complex 3 possesses a novel cluster structure that appears to be retained in solution and is capa…
ABSTRACT: The effects of whey protein hydrolysis on film water vapor permeability (WVP) and solubility at 3 plasticizer levels were studied. Little or no significant difference (p > 0.05) appeared for film WVP between unhydrolyzed whey protein isolate (WPI), 5.5% degree of hydrolysis (DH) WPI and 10% DH WPI films a…
BaTiO 3 coating films were prepared from Ba(CH 3 COO) 2 –Ti(OC 3 H 7 i ) 4 –H 2 O–CH 3 COOH–C 3 H 7 i OH solutions containing poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) via single‐step, nonrepetitive dip coating. The critical thickness—i.e., the maximum film thickness achieved without crack formation via nonrepetitive dip coating—w…
The effects of B 2 O 3 addition on the sintering behavior and the dielectric and ferroelectric properties of Ba 0.7 Sr 0.3 TiO 3 (BST) ceramics were investigated. The dielectric and ferroelectric properties of a BST sample with 0.5 wt% B 2 O 3 sintered at <1150°C were as good as those of undoped BST sintered at 135…
Data and Das [S. Datta and B. Das, Appl. Phys. Lett. 56, 665 (1990)] proposed an electronic analog to the optoelectronic modulator which would employ spin injection from a ferromagnet into a semiconductor. We investigate the ferromagnet–semiconductor system consisting of the Heusler alloy Ni2MnIn and the semiconductor…
This study extends DFT-SQM (density functional theory−scaled quantum mechanical) analysis to infrared and resonance Raman spectra of nickel(II) tetraphenylporphyrin (NiTPP), the largest molecular system so far analyzed with this methodology. NiTPP is of interest because of extensive empirical studies; its tendency to…
From neutron powder diffraction studies performed on the ordered oxygen deficient perovskite ${\mathrm{HoBaCo}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{5},$ we have observed two structural phase transitions at ${T}_{N}\ensuremath{\sim}340$ K and ${T}_{\mathrm{CO}}\ensuremath{\sim}210$ K, corresponding to the occurrence of magnetism and the…
We present here high-resolution, 19 F NMR spectra, collected with sample spinning rates to 25 kHz, for sodium and calcium silicate and aluminosilicate glasses. Several distinct fluoride ion sites are well resolved and can be assigned to various coordination environments based on clear similarities to crystalline model…
Compact tension tests and indentation‐fracture tests have been conducted to study the effects of an applied electric field on the fracture toughness ( K I C ) of poled commercial lead zirconate titanate (PZT) ceramics. The experimental results show that an applied electric field, either parallel or antiparallel to the…
The new nonlinear optical crystal K2Al2B2O7 is discovered with the molecular engineering approach on the basis of anionic group theory. An optically perfect single crystal with space group P321, free of moisture and hygroscopy, is readily grown by the top-seeding flux method. Its transparence range covers 180 to 3600…
Association with a surface is an important aspect of survival for microorganisms in natural and manmade environments/Both bacteria and diatoms are involved in such associations. In many cases, this leads to surface fouling, which often results in surface deterioration and mechanical failure in industrial systems. We n…
Photofabrication of surface relief grating (SRG) on very high- T g and lower- T g azobenzene functionalized polymers was investigated. Polymers with different degrees of functionalization were designed and synthesized to understand the chemical and physical intricacies involved at the molecular level in the photofabri…
A room temperature free shear strain of 5.7% is reported in a single crystal of Ni–Mn–Ga having a composition close to the Heusler alloy Ni2MnGa. A twin boundary was created in a 2 mm×2 mm×25 mm single crystal using a permanent magnet with surface field strength of about 320 000 A/m. A sharp 6.5° bend occurs in the sa…
Direct oxidation of sulfite to sulfate occurs in various photo- and chemotrophic sulfur oxidizing microorganisms as the final step in the oxidation of reduced sulfur compounds and is catalyzed by sulfite:cytochrome c oxidoreductase (EC ). Here we show that the enzyme from Thiobacillus novellus is a periplasmically loc…
Nanostructural hybrid organic–inorganic lanthanide complex films were prepared in situ by use of a novel sol-gel precursor containing pendant triethoxysilyl and carboxyl groups (see Figure). The resulting transparent and crack-free films gave rise to strong red or green emission, even at low lanthanide ion concentrati…
Several wafer level chip scale package (WLCSP) technologies have been developed which generate fully packaged and tested chips on the wafer prior to dicing. Many of these technologies are based on simple peripheral pad redistribution technology followed by attachment of 0.3-0.5 mm solder balls. The larger standoff gen…