Materials Literature
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An account is given of the research that has been carried out on mechanical alloying/milling (MA/MM) during the past 25 years. Mechanical alloying, a high energy ball milling process, has established itself as a viable solid state processing route for the synthesis of a variety of equilibrium and non-equilibrium phase…
Cobalt(ii)–iron(iii) mixed hydroxides with hydrotalcite-like structure have been synthesized. Depending on the experimental conditions during synthesis, CoII becomes partially oxidized to CoIII . The solids have been characterized by X-ray diffraction, FTIR spectroscopy, temperature-programmed reduction and nitrogen a…
Secondary electron (SE) imaging of semiconductors reveals contrast between n- and p-type areas that can serve as the basis for a two-dimensional dopant profiling technique. In this article, recent experiments that address sensitivity, spatial resolution, calibration methodology, p/n junction effects, and sample prepar…
Nano-sized copper(i) oxide particles dispersed in nylon 11 thin films have been prepared by a thermal relaxation technique. The obtained composite films were characterized by XRD, HRTEM, XPS, AES and UV-VIS absorption spectroscopy. Upon heat treatment under air, metallic copper initially deposited on the nylon 11 surf…
Cyclodextrins are cyclic oligosaccharides. These molecules are able to form inclusion complexes with a large number of organic molecules. The properties of cyclodextrins enable them to be used in a variety of different textile applications. Cyclodextrins may act as auxiliaries in washing and dyeing processes, and they…
Zirconium oxide is active for photoreduction of gaseous carbon dioxide to carbon monoxide with hydrogen. A stable surface species arises under the photoreduction of CO2 on zirconium oxide and is identified as surface formate by IR spectroscopy. Adsorbed CO2 is converted to formate by photoreaction with hydrogen. The s…
Electrochromic (EC) behaviours of nickel oxide (NiOx) thin films, grown by chemical process in a nickel ammine complex solution [Ni(NH3)x2+] after electrolysis of this solution (EL–C method), were investigated using various alkaline electrolyte solutions; potassium borate buffer (pH 12), KOH (pH 12.9), (CH3)4NOH and (…
Atomic stresses were calculated for carbon nanotubes under strain conditions. Graphitic tubules with radii ranging from approximately 2 to 11Åand two different tubule structures with varying atomic orientations were included in the calculations. Elongations and contractions were applied in the axial direction and atom…
The protonation constants (K iH) of 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid (H4dota) were redetermined at 25 °C in 0.1 M NMe4Cl. The log Ki H values (i = 1–5) are 12.6, 9.70, 4.50, 4.14 and 2.32, respectively. The stability constants of [Ce(dota)]– and [Yb(dota)]– were determined by pH-potentiometry a…
Polymeric blends of silk fibroin (SF) and S-carboxymethyl kerateine (SCMK) were prepared by the solvent casting method to study the effect of surface properties on the antithrombogenicity. The films of SF/SCMK showed better antithrombogenic properties than SF or SCMK alone. Among them, the film containing 50 wt% SCMK…
New methodology was developed for the selective synthesis of regiochemically defined porphyrazines of the form M[pz(A 2;B 2 )] (shown in Chart 1) where A and B represent peripheral functionalization attached to the β-positions of the pyrroles. Specifically, phthalonitriles or derivatives thereof with sterically bulky…
A number of dendrimers based on polyhedral silsesquioxane cores have been synthesised and characterised. The new molecules are prepared by repetitive hydrosilation/alkenylation reactions, which provide a facile and high yield route to dendrimers with a high density of branch ends per generation. Judicious choice of hy…
The electromagnetic microwave absorption properties of Barium M-type ferrite, in which Fe3+ was substituted by (Ti0.5Mn0.5)3+, were investigated in the GHz frequency range. The anisotropy field (HA) of Barium M-type ferrite can be changed by varying the Ti0.5Mn0.5 content, which enables the natural resonance frequency…
Exposure of the polymeric solid [CuI(4-pic)]∞ to either liquid or vapor toluene leads to disappearance of this material’s characteristic room temperature blue emission (λmax 437 nm) and the appearance of the yellow emission (λmax 580 nm) indicative of the [CuI(4-pic)]4 tetramer; the process is reversed when the latter…
Constant voltage anodizing of binary Mg‐Al alloys containing 2, 5, 8, and 12% of aluminum was studied. Anodizing was conducted in a bath containing 3 M KOH + 0.6 M KF + 0.21 M with additions of 0.013, 0.064, 0.13, and 0.4 M of . A thin amorphous film was formed during the first stage of anodizing. Prolonged anodizing…
Spectroscopic properties of Er3+ in Ga2S3–GeS2–La2S3 glasses are investigated on the basis of the spontaneous emission probabilities calculated by the use of the Judd–Ofelt theory and lifetime data. Frequency upconversion spectra are also measured with excitation at 800 and 980 nm. The spontaneous emission probabiliti…
Addition of MgO to Al-doped ZnO was successful in reduction of the phonon thermal conductivity,κph , in order to suppress the unfavorably high thermal conductivity, κ, of the material in terms of applications to thermoelectric conversion. The electrical conductivity, σ, of Zn0.98Al0.02O decreased with increasing amoun…
IR spectroscopy was used to study CO adsorption on two samples of 5%Co/Al2O3. By variation of sample pretreatment, CO pressure, contact time and mode of hydrogen coadsorption, several surface species were identified: CO adsorbed on cobalt ions of different oxidation state, CO on metallic cobalt and polycarbonyls. Thre…
Ozone has been used to remove the organic surfactant species at 250 °C from as synthesised organic/inorganic composite (or mesophase) materials to form mesoporous MCM-41 type solids with higher surface area, larger pores and narrower pore size distribution than those obtained by conventional calcination at 550 °C.
The complex [{Ru(bipy)2}3(µ3-L)]3+ (H6L = hexahydroxytriphenylene), in which the tris-dioxolene bridging ligand is formally in the tris-semiquinone oxidation state [sq,sq,sq], undergoes three reversible ligand-centred oxidations to the [q,q,q] state (q = quinone); it exhibits very strong NIR absorption arising from Ru…