Materials Literature
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Results are reported on the electron field emission properties of sulfur (S)-incorporated nanocrystalline carbon (n-C:S) thin films grown on molybdenum (Mo) substrates by hot-filament chemical vapor deposition (HFCVD) technique. In addition to the conventionally used methane (CH4) as carbon precursor with high hydroge…
The transient variations of a voltage holding ratio (VHR) with the progression of frames have been measured for two typical nematic liquid crystals (LCs), ZLI-4792 containing few ionic impurities and 5CB containing many more residual ionic impurities. Characteristic transient variations of the VHR were observed for bo…
Systematic dc and ac magnetic susceptibility studies have been performed on single-phase LaNi0.2Co0.8O3 powder samples. Evidence of hysteresis loops supports the existence of ferromagnetic correlations that lead to a rapid increase of the dc susceptibility at T⩽55 K. The frequency dependence of the ac susceptibility i…
Optical phonons of the ferroelectric-semiconductor Zn 1- x Li x O ceramics have been studied for several Li-concentrations as a function of temperature by using a micro-probed Raman scattering. With Li-doping, the Raman peak position of the A 1 ( z ) mode at 380 cm -1 shifts to a lower frequency side while the E 2 mod…
The oxygen diffusion coefficients of undoped and La-doped BaTiO 3 were evaluated by secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). The La-doped BaTiO 3 has markedly lower oxygen diffusion coefficient than the undoped BaTiO 3 . Regarding the effect of the amount of La doped, the volume diffusion coefficient of oxygen was foun…
Temperature dependent resistivities of Magnéli phases Ti n O 2 n -1 ( n =4,5,6), which contains two Ti 3+ and ( n -2) Ti 4+ per unit formula, are measured under various pressures up to 3.5 GPa, to investigate the nature of the two step transitions from a metal to bipolaronic insulators. We found that the pressure depe…
The Ag–In–Sb–Te system is widely used for phase-change discs such as compact disc rewritable (CD-RW) and rewritable digital versatile disc (DVD+RW). To clarify the effect of Ag and In in the Ag–In–Sb–Te system, we studied the local structure of Ag–In–Sb–Te phase-change material by extended X-ray absorption fine struct…
A tetragonal (T) ↔monoclinic (M) phase transition characterized by a wide thermal hysteresis is observed in Pb(Zn 1/3 Nb 2/3 )O 3 –PbTiO 3 (PZN–PT) single crystals close to the morphotropic composition PZN–9%PT. The domain structure of crystals, determined by X-ray diffraction and optical observations, is dependent on…
The impedance as well as the resistance and reactance of the La0.75Sr0.25MnO3 manganite increase with increasing ac frequency due to the skin effect of the metal state below Curie temperature. The manganite La0.75Sr0.25MnO3 shows not only the colossal magnetoresistance effect but also the giant magnetoimpedance effect…
Carbon nitride (CNx) films grown onto n-type Si by rf magnetron sputtering at room temperature were studied by electrical measurements in order to identify the effects of nitrogen concentration on the electrical characteristics of the films. The CNx films, developed with various nitrogen concentrations in the plasma,…
An expansion of the film surface is observed in amorphous germanium based chalcogenide films when an electron beam is focused in pulsed or fixed mode on the film surface. For thin films of 0.1–1 μm thick the expansion extends laterally over a range of 0.5–1.5 μm and the vertical expansion extends from 0.1–0.6 μm. Incr…
The transport and optical properties of Ni2MnGa alloy in the martensitic and austenitic states were investigated. The dependence of the temperature coefficient of resistivity on temperature shows kinks at the structural and ferroparamagnetic transitions. Electron-magnon and electron-phonon scattering are analyzed to b…
The initial growth mechanism of epitaxial BaTiO3 films is studied by combined application of atomic force microscopy, cross sectional high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, and x-ray diffraction. Epitaxial BaTiO3 thin films were grown by pulsed laser deposition on vicinal Nb-doped SrTiO3 (SrTiO3:Nb) (001) s…
Self-supporting carbon films were prepared from a carbonaceous material, nanohorns. Nanohorns are spherical particles built of sharp cones of a single graphene sheet. The films show good field emission characteristics due to the sharp horn-like structures, in particular a low turn-on field and good long-term stability.
Members of the Sso7d/Sac7d family are small, abundant, non-specific DNA-binding proteins of the hyperthermophilic Archaea SULFOLOBUS: Crystal structures of these proteins in complex with oligonucleotides showed that they induce changes in the helical twist and marked DNA bending. On this basis they have been suggested…
Transparent diamond films with a crystallite size well controlled below 70 nm were grown by hydrogen and methane microwave plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition on quartz glass substrates, which had been scratched with 0.5 μm diamond powder. A complementary set of analyzing tools was employed to study the microstr…
Magneto-optical transitions in CoFe2O4 and NiFe2O4 spinel ferrites are investigated in comparison with those in isostructural Fe3O4. The Kerr angle and ellipticity of the ferrites have been measured by magneto-optic Kerr effect (MOKE) spectroscopy in the 1.5–5 eV region. The results indicate that the d–d intervalence…
Ferroelectric phase transformation characteristics of ceramic BaTiO3 have been studied by combined thermo-Raman and dielectric measurements. The temperature dependence of Raman bands at 311 and 721 cm−1 shows that tetragonal to cubic (T–C) phase transformation occurs over a range of temperature. The increase in the ba…
We present calculations on the physical properties of Ti4AlN3 obtained from first principles, as well as some general observations concerning this group of materials. We further report mechanical data obtained through numerical simulations for some representative phases, and elaborate on the issue of high pressure sta…
La 0.7 Ca 0.3 MnO 3 films with thicknesses between 2 and 300 nm were fabricated on LaAlO3, SrTiO3, and (LaAlO3)0.3(Sr2AlTaO6)0.7 (LSAT) substrates using pulsed laser deposition. After annealing at 950 °C in flowing oxygen, on LaAlO3 and LSAT, strain-relaxed epitaxial films of high quality were obtained. The magnetizat…