Materials Literature
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SUMMARY The scanning transmission electron microscope is of quite recent origin, and it is only in the last few years that it has been shown that this instrument is capable of giving the same high resolution as the conventional electron microscope. In this article we examine the conditions necessary for the achievemen…
This survey paper on electromigration describes factors which govern the rate of electromigration and therefore relate to the lifetime of conductors stressed at high current density. These include the type of metal conductor, the conductor cross sectional area, lattice, grain boundary and surface diffusion effects, th…
A technique is presented to calculate grain-boundary widths and grain-boundary diffusion coefficients in metals and nonmetals using grain growth, sintering, diffusion and/or creep data. High-purity metals yield boundary widths of the order of a few atomic diameters, whereas ionic materials yield ``effective boundary w…
A method for calculating stress-strain fields around edge dislocations in smectic-A samples is discussed. In large part the method is isomorphic with the formalism for calculating magnetic fields around lines of electric current. The force law between dislocations that follows from the analogy is equivalent to the acc…
The permeation and the pressure dependence of the permeation of hydrogen isotopes through metals and oxidized metals were studied at temperatures from 300 to 800°C and at pressures of 10-3 Torr to 1 atm. Such knowledge is important to tritium management in both fusion and fission nuclear reactors. An adequate basis fo…
Abstract An experimental study of the influence of carbon black loading, particle size, and structure on the extrusion characteristics of polybutadiene and butadiene–styrene copolymer synthetic rubber is described. The development of extrudate distortion and its mechanisms are considered. The viscosity and die swell h…
Physical crosslinking of urethane elastomers is essentially based on statistical systems of hydrogen bonds within the hard segment domains. Two dimensional models of these systems, given in previous papers, are now replaced by three-dimensional models in the case of butane diol and pentane diol extenders, respectively…
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCrystal and molecular structure of the triclinic form of 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,7-octaethylporphinatonickel(II). Comparison with the tetragonal formDavid L. Cullen and E. F. Meyer Jr.Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1974, 96, 7, 2095–2102Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1974Publication…
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDeuterium-labeled lipids as structural probes in liquid crystalline bilayers. Deuterium magnetic resonance studyJoachim Seelig and Werner NiederbergerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1974, 96, 7, 2069–2072Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1974Publication History Published online…
Small-angle scattering (SAS) of neutrons is applied to the investigation of the microinhomogeneous structure of glasses. The alumina–silica titania-containing systems are taken as the subject of the investigation. The negative sign of the Ti nuclear scattering amplitude sharply extends the sensitivity to fluctuations…
The literature dealing with the high-temperature behavior of inorganic oxygen-containing salts of chlorine, bromine and iodine has been critically reviewed. Values of (GTo−H298o)/T of the reactants and products of the decomposition reactions were calculated and have been tabulated from 298 K up to as high a temperatur…
Dependence of the glass-transition temperature, Tg, on polymer chain flexibility predicted by the Gibbs-DiMarzio theory was empirically tested by studying the relationship between Tg and the stiffness parameter for isolated chains, [sgrave]. It was found that [sgrave] is not a single variable controlling Tg for differ…
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Storage of Hydrogen as Metal HydridesDaniel L. Cummings and Gary J. PowersCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Process Des. Dev. 1974, 13, 2, 182–192Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1974https://pubs.acs.o…
In order to study the effect of grain size on void formation during high-energy electron irradiations, the steady-state point defect concentration and vacancy supersaturation profiles have been calculated for three-dimensional spherical grains up to three microns in size. In the calculations of vacancy supersaturation…
Abstract The spin–spin relaxation time T 2 and the fraction of short T 2 component for composites of natural rubber with carbon black prepared under various conditions have been measured by pulsed NMR. Effect of swelling with a solvent (CCl 4 ), carbon black species (SAF, HAF, SRF) with different surface areas, and di…
We present measurements and analysis of the magnetic properties of the degenerate magnetic semiconductor ${(\mathrm{GeTe})}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{(\mathrm{MnTe})}_{x}$ for $0<x<0.5$. The measurements were made in fields of up to 55 kOe over the temperature range 1-350 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. The resul…
The 630-nm loss band recently identified in unclad fibers made from low-OH-content vitreous silica is shown to be introduced in the fiber-drawing process. The band has an absorptive component as well as resonance fluorescence whose peak intensity amounts to about 16% of the total losses. A red fluorescence was observe…
This paper is concerned with magneto-optical properties of EuO single crystals, doped with up to 5-at.% Gd. The optical absorption and the Faraday rotation have been measured above and below the magnetic-ordering temperatures and in various magnetic fields. In addition the reflectivity between 13 eV and 250 \ensuremat…
Abstract Apparatus has been developed for studying the development of crystallinity and orientation during the melt spinning of synthetic fibers. Tension in the fiber and temperature, diameter, and x‐ray diffraction patterns are measured as a function of distance from the spinneret for a running monofilament. Measurem…
In order to get an idea of the possible neutron small-angle scattering experiments with solutions of macromolecules at the high-flux reactor of the Institut Max von Laue–Paul Langevin at Grenoble, aqueous solutions of molecules with molecular weights from about one hundred to several millions have been studied. Changi…