Materials Literature
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In the low-temperature range, the engineering yield strength of polycrystalline bcc metals can change by a factor of 10 or more with serious consequences appearing in the form of catastrophic brittle fracture. Engineering variables known to have an important effect on the yield behavior are state of stress, temperatur…
Respiration of bacteria was stimulated most by montmorillonite, primarily as the result of this clay maintaining the pH at levels adequate for sustained growth; additional mechanisms also appeared to be involved. Kaolinite and montmorillonite served equally as a source of minerals for bacterial nutrition, and the stim…
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Two models of magnetization reversal for the case of films with biaxial anisotropy are considered: 1 ) the coherent rotation model of Stoner and Wohlfarth (S-W) and 2) the noncoherent or wall-motion model of Kondorsky (K). The former has been considered by several authors previously while the latter is developed in th…
Hydrostatic theories of liquid crystals involve a stored energy function, in simpler theories formally similar to that used in linear elasticity theory. In the latter case, the generally accepted condition that the energy function be positive definitely plays a key role in much theoretical work. Analogous conditions a…
Abstract A staining procedure consisting of preliminary etching with dilute hydrochloric acid, treatment with a mixed solution of alizarin red-S and potassium ferricyanide, and a final treatment with alizarin red-S alone (Dickson, 1965) permits the distinction of orthorhombic carbonates and of calcite from other trigo…
The intensity of back-diffracted low-energy electrons (15–350 eV) from the clean (100), (111), and (110) surfaces of platinum single crystals was measured. From the temperature dependence of the (00) reflection in the range of 25°—700°C, the Debye—Waller factor and the root-mean-square displacements of surface atoms p…
The 4A2 ground state of tetrahedrally coordinated divalent cobalt ions in Cs3CoCl5 and Cs3CoBr5 is investigated with magnetic-susceptibility measurements and paramagnetic resonance in pulsed magnetic fields up to 90 kOe at frequencies in the 70- and 120-Gc/sec bands. The first excited state (4T2) which lies ∼3000 cm−1…
Measurements have been made on the gross-ionization cross sections for 0.1–20-keV electrons on water vapor at pressures of about 3×10−4 torr. The results are compared with the cross sections of H2 and O2. Within the experimental error of 15% we found no deviations from the additivity rule. The energy dependence of the…
We present a theory for how a shear stress alone can induce structural changes in a glassy polymer to break up the rigidity of the glass and allow flow. We consider a molecular model in which the shear-stress field is introduced as a bias on the rotational conformation of backbone bonds. It is argued that the fraction…
The arrangement of atoms around an edge dislocation in copper has been calculated by a variational method using a central-force approximation. The pairwise interaction between discrete atoms was represented by a Morse potential function. In the calculation of the complete dislocation, the atoms were not permitted to r…
Formation and migration energies and atomic configurations have been calculated for interstitials and vacancies in an fcc lattice, and the interaction of close Frenkel pairs has been studied. A mathematical model was used in which the atoms in a spherical crystallite of about 530 atoms are treated as individual partic…