Materials Literature
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Multilayer superlattices incorporating colloidal metal nanoparticles have been synthesized by an approach based on self‐assembly. Teh method of synthesis is described and the results are presented from X‐ray reflectivity measurements, optical spectroscopy, and various microscopies, showing that they provide a consiste…
Electroluminescence and liquid crystallinity : these are the properties of a new spacerless conjugated main‐chain liquid‐crystalline (LC) polymer reported here. The thermal and spectroscopic properties of the new glass‐forming poly‐fluorene with octyl side chains (see Figure) are described, showing that polarized elec…
The oxidation kinetics of CVDSiC were monitored by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) in a 50% H 2 O/50% O 2 gas mixture flowing at 1.4 cm/s for temperatures between 1200” and 1400°C. Paralinear weight change kinetics were observed as the water vapor oxidized the SiC and simultaneously volatilized the silica scale. The…
This paper deals with recent and important developments in the field of organic materials for second-order nonlinear optics. Attention is drawn to current trends in chromophore design with a discussion of current progress and problems in this field. A number of important classes of chromophores, such as one-dimensiona…
Abstract This paper is a guide to the ANSI standard C code of CASINO program which is a single scattering Monte CArlo SImulation of electroN trajectory in sOlid specially designed for low‐beam interaction in a bulk and thin foil. CASINO can be used either on a DOS‐based PC or on a UNIX‐based workstation. This program…
The tremendous advances made during the past decade in the chemistry, electrochemistry, physics, theory and processing of polyaniline and polypyrrole and their derivatives provide a broad solid foundation for future studies and technological applications. Selected examples of recent progress will be illustrated by: (i…
The reaction catalyzed by Escherichia coli dihydrofolate reductase (ecDHFR) cycles through five detectable kinetic intermediates: holoenzyme, Michaelis complex, ternary product complex, tetrahydrofolate (THF) binary complex, and THF.NADPH complex. Isomorphous crystal structures analogous to these five intermediates an…
Under certain conditions, a resonance phenomenon can occur in waveguide grating structures. Such structures have multilayer configuration, the most basic of which is comprised of a substrate, a thin dielectric layer or semiconductor waveguide layer, and an additional transparent layer in which a grating is etched. Whe…
Typical derivations of the Bragg equation in introductory texts do not adequately explain why x-rays are reflected as if by a mirror by crystal planes, and often lead to the mistaken idea that lattice points can be identified with the centres of atoms or ions in the structure. The treatment offered here is a little mo…
High-power ultrasound can generate cavitation within a liquid and through cavitation provide a source of energy which can be used to enhance a wide range of chemical processes. Such uses of ultrasound have been grouped under the general name sonochemistry. This review will concentrate on applications in organic synthe…
This text relies on only introductory level physics and chemistry as the foundation for understanding liquid crystal science. Liquid crystals combine the material properties of solids with the flow properties of fluids. As such they have provided the foundation for a revolution in low- power, flat-panel display techno…
Electrochromic materials are currently attracting much interest in academia and industry for both their fascinating fundamental spectroelectrochemical properties and their commercial applications. A large number of electrochromic materials are available from all branches of synthetic chemistry. In this review some of…
The What and the Why of Fibrous Composites. Concepts of Solid Mechanics. 3--D Constitutive Equations. Plane Stress Constitutive Equations. Lamination Theory. Test Methods. Material Response. Interlaminar Stresses. Failure and Damage. Laminated Tubes. Micromechanics. Appendices. Indexes.
Organisms have been producing mineralized skeletons for the past 550 million years. They have evolved many different strategies for improving these materials at almost all hierarchical levels from Ångstroms to millimetres. Key components of biological materials are the macromolecules, which are intimately involved in…
The rate of growth of chain-folded lamellar crystals from the subcooled melt of polyethylene fractions is treated in terms of surface nucleation theory with the objective of illuminating the origin of the chain folding phenomenon and associated kinetic effects in molecular terms. An updated version of flux-based nucle…
This article reviews a general template-based approach for the preparation of nanomaterials. The method involves the synthesis of a desired material within the pores of a nanoporous membrane. We have termed this approach ‘template synthesis’ because the pores within these nanoporous membranes act as templates for the…
The surface crack in flexure (SCP) method, also known as the controlled surface flaw method, has been used to measure fracture toughness of ceramics and glasses for almost 20 years. New fracture toughness results for a range of ceramics and glasses including alumina, boron carbide, silicon carbide, silicon nitride, ti…
Primary production (specifically, the rate and quality of C transfer below ground) and soil microbial activity (specifically, the rates of C transformation and decay) are recognized as the overall biological processes governing soil organic C (SOC) dynamics. These two processes and, hence, SOC cycling and storage are…
The drug targeting to the brain by polysorbate 80-coated nanoparticles was studied. The leu-enkephalin analog dalargin was used as a model drug for investigating the drug penetration through the blood-brain barrier. The nociceptive threshold was measured by the tail flick test. The intravenous injection of dalargin bo…
Both the mass density (1.37 kgm/m 3 ) and sp 3 /sp 2 +sp 3 bonding fraction (0.15) were determined for an unusual nanoporous amorphous carbon consisting of curved single graphitic sheets. A combination of High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM) and Parallel Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy (PEELS) wa…