Materials Literature
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The occurrence (or not) of a ferroelectric phase transition and the field induced ferroelectric to relaxor states transition has been studied through dielectric susceptibility and pyroelectric current experiments in the x/65/35 PLZT series (x=5 to 12). The results are qualitatively interpreted using random field theor…
Since the 1970s, hygienic improvements have led to a reduction in the level of airborne pollutants in Danish foundries. This mortality study reflects the exposure situation prior to 1970, and the findings may be used as a baseline for future evaluations of the preventive impact of reduced exposure. Mortality data were…
A new digital detection system is described for measuring pulsating partial discharges (PDs). The PD detection system can continuously record all PD pulses that occur over extended periods of time, with a minimum inter-pulse time separation of 6 μs and a vertical amplitude resolution of 12 bits. Earlier PD detection s…
The anodic polarizations of p‐Si with various doping levels in concentrated HF solution have been studied. A theoretical model, based on the potential distribution during anodization, is developed. The computed polarization curves fit the experimental data quite well. Both the space charge region and the Helmholtz int…
Electrical conduction behaviors of Pt/ (Ba, Sr)TiO 3 /Pt thin film capacitors having top Pt electrodes with different deposition powers are investigated. The capacitors having top Pt electrode with deposition power of 0.2 kW show Schottky emission behavior at both top and bottom electrode interfaces with potential bar…
Using weak beam dark-field transmission electron microscopy, we have identified, by reference to stacking fault trapezoids, an additional crystal defect, a stacking fault tetrahedron, at the interface of ZnSe/GaAs(001) epilayers. Unlike the other stacking faults which are basically of uniform size, the size of stackin…
ZnO films exhibit a wide range of interesting material properties. Recently, ZnO films have been studied for sensing applications based on their piezoelectric and pyroelectric behaviors. Reported literature values of piezoelectric and pyroelectric coefficients of ZnO films are in the range of 11–12 pm/V and 1.0–1.4 nC…
Abstract Due to the electrochemical nature of MIC electrochemical methods are useful tools to study reactions at the metal/biofilm interface, investigate MIC mechanisms and monitor the onset of MIC and its propagation. The paper discusses various electrochemical methods—measurement of corrosion potential, redox potent…
We propose an analytical method for determining the refractive index and the extinction coefficient of a weakly absorbing thin film. This method is based on measurements of the reflectance extreme and corresponding transmittance of the film at normal incidence. Simulations of the theoretical accuracy of the method are…
Four compounds, CdBi 2 S 4, CdBi 4 S 7, Cd 2.8 Bi 8.1 S 15, and Cd 2 Bi 6 S 11, have been synthesized using a RbCl/LiCl flux. Single-crystal X-ray structure refinements were made for CdBi 2 S 4 and Cd 2.8 Bi 8.1 S 15 . The final R values for these two crystals were respectively 3.05% and 5.53%. The compounds CdBi 2 S…
Antiferromagnetic coupling between chromium(III) atoms was found to exist in two cis -hydroxoaquachromiu(III) complexes, having a chain structure with μ-H 3 O 2 - bridges. Compound 1, trans -[Cr(Py) 2 (H 3 O 2 ) 2 ]Cl (Py = pyridine), consists of infinite chains of Cr(III) ions bridged by two H 3 O 2 - units with Cr··…
With 14.4 million tons produced in 1993, purified terephthalic acid (PTA) and dimethylterephthalate (DMT) are the main monomers used in the world polyester production. Even though there are ten industrial digestors treating the effluents of both products, little is known about the influence of their organic components…
Order−disorder transition, microdomain structure, and phase behavior in binary mixtures of low molecular weight polystyrene- block -polyisoprene (SI diblock) copolymers were investigated. For the study, four SI diblock copolymers were synthesized, namely (i) SI-Q having a weight-average molecular weight ( M w ) of 2.8…
We use the Landau-de Gennes theory of a nematic liquid crystal to investigate anew aspects of the properties of the interface between the isotropic and nematic liquid crystal phases of the same fluid. The equations of the static interface have been solved, both numerically and using asymptotic analysis, with an emphas…
A strong photoluminescence (PL) with a peak position of ∼420 nm (2.95 eV) under exciting radiation of λ=300 nm, and two new luminescence peaks at ∼420 and 470 nm, under λ=633 nm excitation at room temperature are observed, evidently for Ge nanocrystallites embedded in SiO2 thin films (Ge–SiO2) prepared by the ion-beam…
Using a new numerical scheme of dynamical mean field theory, we investigate the kinetics of a grafting reaction of end-functionalized polymers onto a solid surface. We calculate the time evolution of the reaction rate and density profiles during the grafting reaction.
Neodymium-doped silica glass possesses many properties ideal for high-power laser applications. These include low thermal expansion coefficient, high temperature stability, and low nonlinear index of refraction. For the first time, the sol-gel process has been successfully employed to prepare highly doped neodymia sil…
The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has developed a nominally quarter-wave linear retarder for wavelengths near 1.3 mum that is stable within +/-0.1 degrees retardance over a range of wavelength, input angle, temperature, and environmental variations. The device consists of two concatenated Fresn…
The parameters in the Sellmeier equation for langasite are accurately obtained on the basis of the measurement of the ordinary and extraordinary refractive indices in the region of 500 nm to 2500 nm, and the phase-matching of langasite is investigated. The second harmonic generation (SHG) of langasite is also examined…
Corrosion potential transients were associated with nucleation and propagation of stress corrosion cracks in a 17-4 precipitation-hardenable (PH) martensitic stainless steel (SS) during slow strain rate tests (SSRT) at 90°C in deaerated sodium chloride (NaCl) solutions. Test solutions included 20 wt% NaCl at pH 3 and…