Materials Literature
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A new technology is developed and demonstrated that couples anaerobic digestion of food scraps with production of biodegradable thermoplastics, polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs). The food wastes were digested in an anaerobic reactor producing four major organic acids. The concentrations of acetic, propionic, butyric, and l…
An electrical model for a Peltier cell, based on the analogy between thermal and electrical variables, is proposed. The use of thermal models allows the global performance of thermocooling circuit and signal system to be checked by using electrical circuit analysis programs such as SPICE. The maximum error in the stea…
A series of nonanuclear lanthanide oxo-hydroxo complexes of the general formula [Ln(9)(mu(4)-O)(2)(mu(3)-OH)(8)(mu-BA)(8)(BA)(8)](-)[HN(CH(2)CH(3))(3)](+).(CH(3)OH)(2)(CHCl(3)) (BA = benzoylacetone; Ln = Sm, 1; Eu, 2; Gd, 3; Dy, 4; Er, 5) were prepared by the reaction of hydrous lanthanide trichlorides with benzoylace…
The measurements of hardness and elastic modulus have been conducted on the (0001) and (101̄1) faces of B4.3C single crystals using nanoindentation. The results are in good agreement with the corresponding values obtained using a conventional microhardness technique on polycrystalline ceramics. Raman microspectroscopy…
Zinc oxide (ZnO) is a wide-band gap semiconductor that has attracted tremendous interest for optical, electronic, and mechanical applications. First-principles calculations by [C. G. Van de Walle, Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 1012 (2000)] have predicted that hydrogen impurities in ZnO are shallow donors. In order to determine…
A class of multiferroic, three-phase particulate composites of Tb–Dy–Fe alloy, lead–zirconate–titanate (PZT), and polymer are investigated, in which a small volume fraction f of Tb–Dy–Fe alloy particles are dispersed in a PZT/polymer mixture. The measured dielectric, piezoelectric, and magnetoelectric properties demon…
The low temperature behavior of Pr$_{1-x}$Ca$_{x}$MnO$_{3}$ manganites are known to undergo a transition at $x\sim$0.3, from an insulating ferromagnetic state, at low Ca concentration, to an insulating antiferromagnetic state. Above the onset concentration for the charge-ordering effect ($x\sim 0.3$), a metal-insulato…
In this work we perform an ab-initio study of CdTiO3 perovskite in its orthorhombic phase using FLAPW method. Our calculations help to decide between the different cristallographic structures proposed for this perovskite from X-Ray measurements. We compute the electric field gradient tensor (EFG) at Cd site and obtain…
We have explored in situ synthesis of noble metal nanoparticles in ultrathin TiO 2 −gel films, in view of the increasing importance of such nanoparticle-containing thin films. The two-step procedure consists of ion exchange in the ultrathin matrix and subsequent reduction of metal ions to nanoparticles by low-temperat…
S-doped ZnO (ZnO:S) film was fabricated by supplying ZnS species from laser ablation of a ZnS target during ZnO growth. Variations of lattice constants and band gaps with respect to S content did not follow Vegard’s law. The ZnO:S film showed semiconducting behavior with lower activation energy and resistivity than th…
Dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) is a mesoscopic simulation method for studying hydrodynamic behavior of complex fluids. Ideally, a mesoscopic model should correctly represent the thermo- and hydrodynamic properties of a real system beyond certain length and time scales. Traditionally defined DPD quite successfully…
Block copolymer micelles have shown high potential as hydrophobic drug carriers. The loading efficiency, partition coefficient, and release profile all play critical roles in micellar drug delivery. As part of a series of studies on these polycaprolactone- block -poly(ethylene oxide) (PCL - b -PEO) micelles in drug de…
Preparation of carbon nanotube (CNT)/alumina composites by a simple colloidal processing method has been reported in this paper. The surface modification process of carbon nanotubes was characterized by means of zeta potential measurements and TEM microscopy. The addition of only 0.1 wt % carbon nanotubes in the alumi…
We have carried out molecular dynamics simulations of model polymer–nanoparticle composites (PNCs) consisting of coarse-grained bead-necklace polymer chains and roughly spherical nanoparticles comprised of like beads for the purpose of gaining understanding of the influence of the nanoparticle–polymer interface on the…
Basis sets of atomic orbitals are very efficient for density functional calculations but lack a systematic variational convergence. We present a method to optimize numerical atomic orbitals variationally, using a single parameter to control their range. The efficiency of the basis generation scheme is tested and compa…
We report on the doping dependence of the order of the ferromagnetic metal to paramagnetic insulator phase transition in ${\mathrm{L}\mathrm{a}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{C}\mathrm{a}}_{x}{\mathrm{M}\mathrm{n}\mathrm{O}}_{3}$. At $x=0.33$, magnetization and specific heat data show a first order transition, with an en…
A technique to investigate the adhesion of carbon nanotubes to a polymer matrix is described. Carbon nanotubes bridging across holes in an epoxy matrix have been drawn out using the tip of a scanning probe microscope while recording the forces involved. A full force-displacement trace could be recorded and correlated…
Filled elastomers exhibit a complex dependence of their viscoelastic modulus as a function of both temperature and frequency. Otherwise, recent observations on thin polymer films have shown that their glass transition temperature depends on their thickness. On the basis of these recent results and on a recent model, w…
One-dimensional silicon-carbon nanotubes and nanowires of various shapes and structures were synthesized via the reaction of silicon (produced by disproportionation reaction of SiO) with multiwalled carbon nanotubes (as templates) at different temperatures. A new type of multiwalled silicon carbide nanotube (SiCNT), w…
We have studied the enhancement of luminescence of (CdSe)ZnS core−shell quantum dots on gold colloids as a function of semiconductor nanocrystal−metal nanoparticle distance. Using a layer-by-layer polyelectrolyte deposition technique to insert well-defined spacer layers between gold colloids and quantum dots, a distan…