Materials Literature
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An extension is proposed for the self-validation Hamilton test [Hamilton (1965). Acta Cryst. 18, 502-510] for crystallographic refinement. The method is based on the statistical F test and evaluates the significance of the R-factor ratio between two refinement protocols. The general case of two refinements carried out…
Abstract The kinetics of cluster growth in segregation and crystallization processes in highly viscous materials taking into account stress development andstress relaxation is investigated theoretically. Different models of stressdevelopment are considered for the case that stresses arise due to the formation and grow…
Thin films of Ti and TiN interposed between the Cu layer and SiO 2 are examined as a diffusion barrier as well as an adhesion-promoting layer for Cu metallization technology. Solid-phase reactions and/or interdiffusion taking place in the Cu/Ti/ SiO 2 /Si and Cu/TiN/ SiO 2 /Si systems are examined by X-ray diffraction…
The pit generation rate (g) on stainless steel (SS) in natural seawater was analyzed according to the stochastic theory. Under the experimental conditions with statistical measurements taken using a potentiokinetic method, two processes were revealed. The first process, with the highest rate, controlled pit generation…
High-heat-flux experiments on three types of helium-cooled divertor mock-ups were performed on the 30-kW electron beam test system and its associated helium flow loop at Sandia National Laboratories. A dispersion-strengthened copper alloy (DSCu) was used in the manufacture of all the mock-ups. The first heat exchanger…
A theoretical model of the stress-strain-temperature response of a thermally driven. shape memory alloy (SMA) composite actuator under applied load is developed. The actuator is assumed to be constructed from a thin layer of SMA bonded to a layer of elastomer. The model is developed by considering an energy balance on…
The magnetic field dependence of the electric polarization and the magnetization of the ferroelectric-ferroelastic and paramagnetic crystals Tb2(MoO4)3 and Gd2(MoO4)3 have been investigated in magnetic fields up to 20 T and in the temperature range of 5 K up to room temperature. The observed dependence of the electric…
The surface of Sm 2 Fe 17 N x fine powder was stabilized by coating with zinc metal produced by the photodecomposition of diethylzinc (Zn(C 2 H 5 ) 2 ). The remanence ( B r ) and coercivity ( H cj ) values of the resulting Zn/Sm 2 Fe 17 N x powder were changed little by zinc coating, and remained at high levels even a…
Abstract The electrochemical polymerization of some Schiff's base‐type monomers like pyrrole‐2‐aldehyde azine, N,N′‐di(2‐pyrrolylmethylene)‐1,4‐diaminobenzene Systematic name: 2,2′‐[1,4‐phenylenebis(nitrilomethylidyne)]dipyrrole. , and N,N′‐di(2‐pyrrolylmethylene)‐4,4′‐diaminobiphenyl Systematic name: 2,2′‐[4,4′‐biphe…
Reviews of relevant literature and interviews with individuals cognizant of the state of the art in ceramic filters for hot-gas cleaning were conducted. Thermodynamic calculations of the stability of various ceramic phases were also made. Based on these calculations, reviews, and interviews, conclusions were reached r…
Abstract Novel 1,1-difunctionalized disiloxanes are synthesized by the alkylative cleavage of cyclic siloxane using several alkyllithiums followed by quenching with chlorosilanes. The prepared difunctionalized siloxanes are subjected to polyaddition through platinum catalyzed hydrosilylation.
Coupons of stainless steel type AISI-304 were exposed to the industrial cooling system of a petrochemical plant fed by seawater from the Guanabara Bay, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in order to study the in situ formation of biofilms. Bacteria, microalgae and fungi were detected on the coupons as soon as 48 h after exposure…
Electrodeposition of ion resulted in the growth of single‐crystal particles on an amorphous carbon electrode in solution. single crystals grow at potentials higher than −0.55 V vs. saturated calomel electrode (SCE) in (pH 7) as well as (pH 2.0) and HCl (pH 2.1) solutions. However, as well as Cu particles are formed si…
High resolution ac calorimetric measurements have been carried out for two liquid-crystal systems: 4-(1-methylheptyloxycarbonyl) phenyl 4\ensuremath{'}-octyloxybiphenyl-4-carboxylate (MHPOBC), and 2-fluoro-4-{[(1-trifluoromethyl) undecyloxy] carbonyl} phenyl 4\ensuremath{'}-(dodecyloxy) biphenyl-4-carboxylate (12BIMF1…
Tilting of the crystal profile during directional solidification is studied numerically, when the crystalline axis is misoriented from the temperature gradient and the pulling direction. Only with the anisotropy in surface stiffness is the crystal shown to tilt to an angle \ensuremath{\varphi} smaller than the misorie…
A group theoretical analysis, based on the correlation method, is presented for the symmetric stretch vibration of the carbonate ion in three crystalline forms of calcium carbonate: calcite, aragonite and vaterite. Numbers of Raman and infrared active components are calculated and compared with experimental data, incl…
Contaminant effects on the morphology of turkey egg-white lysozyme (TEWL) crystals grown in ungelled and in gelled growth media have been investigated. The latter may serve as a model system for future microgravity experiments. Hen egg-white lysozyme (HEWL) was added as the contaminant at levels ranging from 4 up to 7…
L-Lactate monooxygenase (LMO) from Mycobacterium smegmatis was mutated at glycine 99 to alanine, and the properties of the resulting mutant (referred to as G99A) were studied. Mutant G99A of LMO was designed to test the postulate that the smaller glycine residue in the vicinity of the alpha-carbon methyl group of lact…
Abstract The Pb 2+ luminescence in a series of silicate oxyapatites Me 2 (Y, Gd) 8 (SiO 4 ) 6 O 2 , Me 4 Y 6 (SiO 4 ) 6 O(Me = Mg, Ca, Sr) is reported and discussed in relation to the crystal structure. The maximum wavelengths of the excitation ( 1 S 0 3 P 1 ) and emission ( 3 P 1 − 1 S 0 ) bands of Pb 2+ are independ…
The gene encoding the tetrameric malate dehydrogenase (MDH) in a thermophilic Bacillus species (BI) has been cloned in an Escherichia coli plasmid. The nucleotide sequence of the gene, the first to be elucidated for a tetrameric MDH, shows the MDH subunit to contain 312 amino acids and have a molecular mass of 33648 D…