Materials Literature
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Polarized extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) and near-edge spectra are measured on the Br K-edge for streteh-oriented trans -(CHBr y ) x . A large difference is observed in both the EXAFS and near-edge regions between the spectra with the polarization vector E parallel and perpendicular to the axis of or…
In compensated semiconductors, the occurrence of potential fluctuations which affect the local probability of ionization of deep levels cannot be ignored. These fluctuations strongly change the frequency and temperature dependence of the conductivity due to carriers in the bands. The expressions of ac and dc conductiv…
Metallic thermopower data on ${\mathrm{FeCl}}_{3}$-doped polyacetylene are presented. We compare the results with the data on iodine- and ${\mathrm{AsF}}_{5}$-doped polyacetylene in the heavily doped regime. General features of the results are consistent with those of a simple metal. However, details are different. We…
It is shown that a layer of liquid crystal molecules adsorbed on an evaporated SiO film plays an important role in aligning the bulk of the liquid crystal, apart from the topographical structure of the SiO film. On an SiO film evaporated from the substrate normal, various textural patterns were observed depending on h…
Luminescence spectra and decaytimes have been measured over a wide temperature range. Thermal equilibrium population between free and self-trapped excitons has been confirmed in both dimeric (α) and monomeric (β) forms of perylene crystals. Two-center type self-trapped exciton in α-perylene, and one-center type and tw…
Low-energy [(1-30)-eV] electron scattering in multilayer films of ${\mathrm{N}}_{2}$ and CO, and in Ar matrices containing ${\mathrm{N}}_{2}$, was investigated using high-resolution electron-energy-loss spectroscopy (HREELS) and one-dimensional multiple scattering theory. The films were formed by condensing the gases…
Raman spectroscopy has been used to determine built-up deformation in GexSi1−x/Si strained-layer superlattice grown by molecular beam epitaxy. By comparing peak positions in commensurate superlattices and single layers with those from incommensurate thick layers of the same composition we can obtain a quantitative det…
A systematic study of magnetocrystalline anisotropy of R2Fe14B tetragonal compounds with various rare-earth elements (R) has been carried out at room temperature by the pulse method. The anisotropy fields of Y2Fe14B and Nd2Fe14B compounds are 3.1 and 12 MA/m, respectively. The maximum anisotropy field of 28 MA/m was o…
We describe the most efficient semiconductor/liquid junction solar cell reported to date. Under W-halogen (ELH) illumination, the device is a 14% efficient two-electrode solar cell fabricated from an n-type silicon photoanode in contact with a nonaqueous electrolyte solution. The cell′s central feature is an ultrathin…
We have obtained polarized Raman spectra for vitreous silica densified at 3.95 GPa and 530 °C. The glass spectra show considerable changes on densification, which are discussed in terms of the observed reduction in average intertetrahedral bond angle and the central force model for connected networks. The results of t…
We have analyzed angle-resolved x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy data and found that large intensity enhancements along internuclear axes are due to forward-direction focusing of the electron beam by an attractive potential. Away from the internuclear axes, we found secondary peaks whose intensity is dominated by a st…
Slow crack growth data, molecular-orbital calculations, and vibrational spectroscopy results are used to develop an atomistic model for environmentally controlled fracture of silica glass. The model is based on chemically active bond defects generated by the strain field of the crack tip. Molecular-orbital results sug…
Optical reflectance studies of the $c$ face of pyrolytic boron nitride were carried out at room temperature in the photon energy range 0.45---10 eV. A Kramers-Kronig analysis was performed to determine the in-plane real (${\ensuremath{\epsilon}}_{1}$) and imaginary (${\ensuremath{\epsilon}}_{2}$) dielectric functions.…
A new, highly multiplexable liquid crystal display is described, which has a superior image quality than a twisted nematic display multiplexed at the same high level. The display cell consists of a chiral-doped nematic layer with tilted boundaries and a twist angle of ∼270°. It operates in a birefringent optical mode…
High-resolution vanadium $K$-edge absorption spectra have been recorded for a number of selected vanadium compounds of known chemical structure with use of the synchrotron radiation available at the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory (SSRL). The compounds studied include the oxides VO, ${\mathrm{V}}_{2}$${\math…
The phenomenon of cavitation occurs when a tension, applied to a liquid, exceeds a certain critical value known as the breaking tension or cavitation threshold. The present review article considers various ways in which liquids have been subjected to tension and how the accompanying cavitation has been studied. The im…
A recently developed Landau description of short-range icosahedral order in supercooled liquids and metallic glasses is used to calculate density correlation functions in these systems. The theory predicts frustration-broadened peaks in the structure factor, at positions determined by the symmetries of an ideal, curve…
We have observed a metallic solid (Al-14-at.%-Mn) with long-range orientational order, but with icosahedral point group symmetry, which is inconsistent with lattice translations. Its diffraction spots are as sharp as those of crystals but cannot be indexed to any Bravais lattice. The solid is metastable and forms from…
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1 Introduction.- 1.1 Scope of the Book.- 1.2 General Remarks on the Use and the Behavior of Ceramic Materials.- 1.3 The History of Alumina.- 1.4 Preceding Summarizing Literature on Alumina.- 2 Physical Properties.- 2.1 Structure.- 2.2 Thermal Properties.- 2.3 Diffusion.- 2.3.1 General Remarks on Diffusion Phenomena in…