Materials Literature
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An analytical result has been obtained for the value of the dynamical charge necessary for calculations of oxygen vacancy kinetics in dielectric perovskite-type crystals. It is shown by using the Berry phase analysis that this charge equals the nominal charge of the vacancy: for example, for the double charged state,…
Using grazing-incidence x-ray diffraction and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), we show that the thermal decomposition of an electronic-grade wafer of 6H-SiC after annealing at increasing temperatures TA between 1080 and 1320 °C leads to the layer-by-layer growth of unconstrained, heteroepitaxial single-crystalline…
Comprehensive imprint measurements on PbZrxTi1−xO3 (PZT) thin films were carried out. Different models, which were proposed in literature to explain imprint in ferroelectric thin films or a similar aging effect (internal bias) in ferroelectric bulk material, are reviewed. Discrepancies between the experimental results…
The atomic‐scale structure, composition, and chemistry of grain boundaries in two fluorite‐structured ceramic materials were characterized by a combination of Z ‐contrast imaging and electron energy‐loss spectroscopy (EELS). In the case of a symmetric 24° [001] tilt bicrystal of yttria‐stabilized‐zirconia (YSZ), a shi…
Using molecular-dynamics simulations we investigate the relaxation dynamics of a supercooled liquid close to a rough as well as to a smooth wall. For the former situation the relaxation times increase strongly with decreasing distance from the wall, whereas in the second case they strongly decrease. We use this depend…
Porous silicon nitride with macroscopically aligned channels was synthesized using a freeze‐drying process. Freezing of a water‐based slurry of silicon nitride was done while unidirectionally controlling the growth direction of the ice. Pores were generated subsequently by sublimation of the columnar ice during freeze…
Abstract Polypropylene (PP)/clay nanocomposites (PPCNs) were autoclave‐foamed in a batch process. Foaming was performed using supercritical CO 2 at 10 MPa, within the temperature range from 130.6°C to 143.4°C, i.e., below the melting temperature of either PPCNs or maleic anhydride‐modified PP (PP‐MA) matrix without cl…
Ferroelectric-relaxor behavior of Ba(Ti0.7Zr0.3)O3 ceramics is studied in the temperature range from 150 to 450 K. A broad dielectric peak with a high-dielectric maximum exhibits frequency dispersion. The dielectric relaxation rate follows the Vogel–Fulcher relation with E=0.21 eV and TVF=199.6 K. The polarization hys…
Circumferential magnetic patterned media were prepared on a 2.5-inch-diameter glass plate and on a 3-in-diameter silicon plate. A Ni master disk possessing spiral patterns with 60-250-nm-width lands and a 400-nm-width groove was pressed into a resist film on a CoPt or CoCrPt film to transfer the spiral patterns. A dib…
This Microreview concentrates on synthetic issues regarding shape-persistent cycles whose diameters range from a bit more than 1 nm up to the presently largest representative with approximately 5 nm. Its goal is to provide an overall feasibility picture and give those, who want to enter this field, some guidelines. An…
The accumulation of organic solutes is a prerequisite for osmotic adjustment of all microorganisms. Thermophilic and hyperthermophilic organisms generally accumulate very unusual compatible solutes namely, di-myo-inositol-phosphate, di-mannosyl-di-myo-inositol-phosphate, di-glycerol-phosphate, mannosylglycerate and ma…
Malate dehydrogenases (MDH, L-malate:NAD oxidoreductase, EC 1.1.1.37), catalyze the NAD/NADH-dependent interconversion of the substrates malate and oxaloacetate. This reaction plays a key part in the malate/aspartate shuttle across the mitochondrial membrane, and in the tricarboxylic acid cycle within the mitochondria…
A simple method to fabricate high-quality nanoparticles including spherical carbon onions and elongated fullerene-like nanoparticles similar to nanotubes in large quantities without the use of vacuum equipment is reported. The nanoparticles are obtained in the form of floating powder on the water surface following an…
Abstract This paper describes a test procedure for determining the total surface area of fine-grained soils using the Ethylene Glycol Monoethyl Ether (EGME). The test involves saturating a soil sample with EGME and then removing the excess EGME in a vacuum desiccator, until the EGME forms a monomolecular layer on the…
We study experimentally and numerically the electromagnetic resonances in split ring resonators (SRRs), around 1 GHz. For an individual SRR, we show that both electric and magnetic fields can induce resonances, the magnetic one being the strongest. The utilization of such resonant structures as efficient microwave fil…
Presents a technique to directly excite Luttinger liquid collective modes in carbon nanotubes at gigahertz frequencies. By modeling the nanotube as a nano-transmission line with distributed kinetic and magnetic inductance as well as distributed quantum and electrostatic capacitance, we calculate the complex frequency-…
The calibration of two popular density functionals (B3LYP and BP86) for the prediction of isomer shifts (IS) in 57Fe Mössbauer (MB) spectra is reported. A linear correlation between non-relativistically calculated theoretical electron densities and experimentally measured ISs is established. Both functionals lead to a…
Fundamental features of microbial cellulose utilization are examined at successively higher levels of aggregation encompassing the structure and composition of cellulosic biomass, taxonomic diversity, cellulase enzyme systems, molecular biology of cellulase enzymes, physiology of cellulolytic microorganisms, ecologica…
The title compound, C(21)H(37)NO(2), is a new amphiphilic pyrrole with a long hydrocarbon chain, which will be used as a precursor for the synthesis of Langmuir-Blodgett films of porphyrins. Molecules related by an inversion centre are joined head-to-head into dimers by strong N-H.O hydrogen bonds. The dimers pack in…
The spectral and lasing parameters of solid laser elements made of a nanoporous glass — polymer composite doped with phenalemine dyes are studied. A high conversion efficiency (35%— 40%) of second-harmonic nanosecond pulses from a Nd 3+ :YAG laser to the 600 — 660-nm region was obtained and a large operating life of t…