Materials Literature
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Two series of new ferroelectric liquid-crystalline diols with 1,3-propandiol group connected by a flexible spacer to the mesogenic part of the molecule have been synthesized. Both series are laterally substituted by methyl, methoxy, or chlorine substituents in the meta position to the carboxylic group of the 4-alkoxyb…
Abstract Sm‐doped bismuth titanate and random oriented Bi 4– x Sm x Ti 3 O 12 (BST) thin films were fabricated on Pt/Ti/SiO 2 /Si substrates using a pulsed laser deposition method. The structures and the ferroelectric properties of the films were investigated. Sm doping leads to a marked improvement in the remanent po…
The esterification of monoepoxy diluents (phenyl, cresyl, and butyl glycidyl ethers) and acrylic acid in presence of triphenylphosphine as catalyst was performed at 70 ○, 75 ○, 80 ○, 85 ○, and 90 ○C, and it followed first-order kinetics. The reactivity of aromatic monoepoxies was found to be higher than aliphatic, due…
This review describes the range of thermal analysis techniques that may be used to investigate the key thermal properties of formulations to be freeze-dried and the resultant products. The use of these allows development of cost-effective processing while maintaining optimum product quality.
We synthesized two diepoxy monomers containing a mesogenic group to investigate thermal conductivity of the resulting epoxy resins prepared by photo-polymerization of the monomers. One diepoxy monomer shows an enantiotropic nematic phase, whereas the other displayed enantiotropic smectic A and nematic phases. The epox…
Abstract Dielectric studies of poly(vinyl pyrrolidone)/ethyl alcohol (PVP–E) binary mixtures with concentration variations were carried out in the frequency range of 10 MHz to 10 GHz by time domain reflectometry at 15, 25, 35, and 45 °C. One relaxation process, corresponding to ethyl alcohol molecules in the poly(viny…
The linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) nano‐SiO2 composites were prepared by melt blending and the mechanical and optical properties of the composites were investigated. The results show that the elastic modulus of the composites significantly increases with the increase of SiO2 content while the breaking elongat…
Thin films of (00l) oriented SrBi2Nb2O9 epitaxially grown on SrTiO3 by sol-gel spin coating have been studied by means of high-resolution x-ray diffraction reciprocal space mapping. It is shown that these materials contain highly localized heterogeneous strain fields due to imperfect stacking faults (i.e., faults that…
The electromechanical response of pure lead zirconate titanate (PZT) and Mn-doped PZT thin ferroelectric films under nanoindentation forces of up to 500 mN was investigated. The stress-induced current transients were measured as a function of the externally applied load on films of different thicknesses using a spheri…
A modified version of a model for fiber spinning was developed for poly(lactic acid) (PLA) based on earlier models that predicted the spinline behavior of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) and Nylon 6.6. Comparisons were made to melt‐spinning data of Takasaki and coworkers for high lactic acid (L)‐content PLA (PLLA)…
The crystal structures of 4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid (4CPA) included in beta-cyclodextrin (beta-CD) and heptakis(2,3,6-tri-O-methyl)-beta-cyclodextrin (TMbetaCD) have been studied by X-ray diffraction. The 4CPA/beta-CD complex crystallizes as a head-to-head dimer in the space group C2 in the Tetrad packing mode. The p…
A small amount of styrene‐maleic anhydride (SMA) copolymer was blended with polyamide‐6 (PA‐6). Polarized‐light microscope (PLM) observation and small angle light scattering (SALS) tests showed that the spherulite size of PA‐6/SMA was smaller than that of PA‐6. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) study showed that…
The low-temperature structure of hexamethylbenzene has been determined from neutron powder diffraction data and found to differ from the room-temperature phase predominantly by a translation of molecular planes to a form a cubic close-packed type structure. By performing measurements as a function of temperature, the…
Abstract A typical problem when analyzing the kinetics by dynamic TGA of polymer degradation consists in that different models can fit equally well, or the model does not fit the TGA data. It has been suggested that this is due to the presence of overlapping processes. High resolution TGA helps to clarify the problem…
The use of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to enhance the oxidation of nitric oxide (NO) under postflame conditions in the presence or absence of sulfur dioxide (SO2) has been studied by means of chemical kinetic modeling and compared with pilot-scale experimental data. The experimental results were obtained from a nonisothe…
A general theory for the detection of the core-level electronic excitation in anisotropic systems using angular integrated electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) has been presented. Magic angle conditions, at which spectra are independent of specimen orientation, are proved to be valid for all anisotropic systems. D…
We demonstrated the formation of single-crystal-like materials that contain preferentially oriented arrays of lead zirconate titanate (PZT) cube-shaped particles by self-assembly. Hydrothermally synthesized PZT particles with a bulk composition of Zr/Ti = 70/30 were used in making microcrystal arrays. Spreading a susp…
Ultrasonication is a necessary process to make single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) soluble in aqueous solution with surfactants such as sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). However, an understanding of the sonication effects on the electronic and optical properties of SWNTs in aqueous solution is still lacking. Here, we h…
Abstract Dihydroxyl capped biodegradable poly(DTC‐ b ‐PEG‐ b ‐DTC) (BCB) triblock copolymer and poly(TMC‐ b ‐DTC‐ b ‐PEG‐ b ‐DTC‐ b ‐TMC) (ABCBA) pentablock copolymer have been synthesized by PEG and BCB copolymer as macroinitiator in the presence of yttrium tris(2,6‐di‐ tert ‐butyl‐4‐methylphenolate). The copolymers…
We calculate the intershell resistance ${R}_{21}$ in a multiwall carbon nanotube as a function of temperature $T$ and Fermi level ${\ensuremath{\epsilon}}_{\mathrm{F}}$ (e.g., a gate voltage), varying the chirality of the inner and outer tubes. This is done in a so-called Coulomb drag setup, where a current ${I}_{1}$…