Materials Literature
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Abstract The nature of interstratification in mixed-layer illite-montmorillonites has been investigated by comparison of diffraction patterns of ethylene glycol and ethylene glycol monoethyl ether treated samples with calculated one-dimensional diffraction profiles. The calculated profiles take into account the effect…
Abstract The demand for graphites with specific properties and for an improvement in the economics of graphite production in recent years has led to an increased interest in catalytic graphitisation. At the present time, however, there is no review available of published studies and this paper attempts to make good th…
Various transport studies have been carried out on amorphous and crystalline GeTe films of 80 Å to 10 μ thickness. Crystalline GeTe has a low resistivity (∼10−4 Ω·cm at 300°K) which increases with temperature slowly and nearly linearly at low temperatures (below ∼300°K) and rapidly at higher temperatures. The hole con…
The forming process, by which changes are brought about in the electronic conduction of thin films of various binary amorphous oxides and halides, is first described, and experimental evidence is put forward which contradicts an earlier theory of the forming process in gold-silicon monoxide-metal structures. A theory…
A new theory is presented for calculating the structure of finite nuclei from the nucleon-nucleon interaction. The essential features of the reaction matrix in finite nuclei are obtained from nuclear-matter theory through the local-density approximation. The resulting density- and energy-dependent effective interactio…
A new definition for work of adhesion Wa is applied to computationally define the dispersion γs d and polar γs d components of the solid surface tension γs = γs d + γs d for twenty-five low energy substrates. These calculated surface properties are correlated with surface composition and structure. Surface dipole orie…
By introducing trivalent ions Me3+ into brucite-like layers Me(II)(OH)2, layer ions [Me(II)1-xMe(III)x(OH)2)x+ can be obtained. In these layer ions the charge compensation of an O2--ion by the metal ions is in the average 1+x/2 , leaving only a bond strength of 1-x/2 for the O–H bond, i. e. the charge of H+ must partl…
Several polywater samples were prepared by the standard methods and have the same physical and spectroscopic properties as those made in other laboratories. However, a variety of chemical analyses show high concentrations of impurities which may account for many of the anomalous properties.
It was reasoned that in normal ferroelastic crystals, if their prototypic (or peraelastic) phase transitions are of the second kind, the dependence of the spontaneous strain on temperature T should be proportional to ( T c - T ) 1/2 right below the transition temperature T c and the T dependence of the elastic complia…
The homogeneous composition range and magnetic properties of the hexagonal Laves-Phase compound, CO 2+ x Ti 1- x ( x >0), have been determined by X-ray diffraction and magnetic studies. X-ray diffraction studies show that the MgNi 2 -type structure is stable in a narrow composition range from about 29 to 31.3 at.% Ti…
The Hall effect and resistivity have been measured as a function of temperature for lightly Zn-doped GaAs of better quality than previously available. Analysis of the Hall coefficient data yields activation energies which change with doping level. These results, along with earlier results on more heavily doped samples…
Vapor deposition simulation programs have been developed using Monte Carlo methods to determine the molecular dynamics of condensation, evaporation, and migration on the lattice. The simulation methods employed in the programs are developed in detail. The principle application will be to systems that permit a comparis…
Some consequences of the symmetry change associated with the vanadium dioxide metal-semiconductor transition are derived. A free-energy expansion in the ionic displacements has been used. The effect of a $〈101〉$ zone-edge phonon instability and strain effects have been included. The symmetry arguments have been carrie…
Measurements of the ac and dc resistivity in the temperature range of 77-750\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K and of the optical transmission and reflectance have been made on amorphous Ge films of 1000-\AA{} to 7-\ensuremath{\mu} thickness prepared by thermal evaporation. The resistivity of amorphous Ge films at r…
The magnetic field generated by the magnetization has been calculated for films with arbitrarily rough surfaces for the case in which the magnetization is uniform throughout the film. Simple results are obtained on the assumption that the film surface is not too ``ragged,'' i.e., for the case in which the inclination…
The determination of the $k\ensuremath{\approx}0$ longitudinal-optic-mode frequencies and lifetimes from the dielectric [$\ensuremath{\epsilon}(\ensuremath{\omega})$] and inverse dielectric [$\ensuremath{\eta}(\ensuremath{\omega})$] response functions of simple cubic solids is discussed. Experimental results of the te…
A neutron diffraction study has been made on single crystal specimens of α-Mn at 4.4°K, 60°K, and several other temperatures. Five types of magnetic form factor were in turn employed in the analysis. The magnetic structure is described by a single non-collinear configuration throughout the temperature range below T N…
Imidazole single crystal has a highly anisotropic conductivity; the ratio of conductivity in the c and a crystallographic directions is ∼103. In the c crystallographic direction, the hydrogen bonded direction, protonic carriers are discharged as hydrogen at the negative electrode. The limiting conduction process is po…
We have improved the free-volume model for molecular transport in dense fluids, as developed in earlier papers, by taking account of the variable magnitude of the diffusive displacement. The development is carried through in a way which may display more clearly the relation between the free-volume model and the Enskog…
The microarchitecture of gastropod nacre reveals deposition of aragonite in the form of crystal stacks and differs markedly from the characteristic microstructure of pelecypod nacre. The structure permits direct observation of both organic and mineral phases of deposition on a growth surface topography that is ideal f…