Materials Literature
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Abstract Novel copolymers consisting of 3,3,3‐trifluoro‐1,2‐epoxypropane (TFEP) and N ‐phenylmaleimide (PMI) units were prepared by the copolymerization of TFEP with PMI initiated with an organozinc compound. Using [Zn(OCH 3 ) 2 · (C 2 H 5 ZnOCH 3 ) 4 ] as an initiator, the copolymer chains consisted mainly of TFEP‐TF…
We treat the generation of flat-top intensity distributions, as required for laser applications at short wavelengths. To obtain high fill factors and almost arbitrary shapes, arrays of diffractive Fresnel zone plates at the fabrication limit are investigated. The angular power spectrum noise due to the binarization of…
<div class="htmlview paragraph">Ever stringent emission legislation has called for more advanced measures for petrol engine emission control. The main chanllenge is to largely cut off the engine cold-start emissions. The problem is that the catalytic converter does not operate effectively at temperature below th…
We apply a recursive propagation method to the modal theory of diffraction by laminar amplitude multilayer gratings (LAMG’s). We compute the reflection efficiency in the X-UV domain of several LAMG’s and show the numerical stability of this method with respect to a nonrecursive one.
A high temperature-high pressure pyrophyllite cell with a graphite heater has limitations when temperature exceeds ∼2100 K. A conventional cell used with the cubic anvil high pressure apparatus has been modified to reach ∼3300 K. The heater power versus temperature calibration curve has been established using Pt–Pt10%…
<div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper describes experiments conducted to determine Federal Test Procedure (FTP) exhaust emissions, ozone-forming potentials, specific reactivities, and reactivity adjustment factors for several butane/propane alternative fuel blends run on a light-duty EHC-equipped gasoline v…
The dielectric properties of glycerol, propylene glycol, ethylene glycol and dimethyl sulphoxide have been measured in various aqueous concentrations generally sufficient to allow supercooling rather than freezing. The temperature range investigated is from -80 degrees C to +20 degrees C and the frequency range is 100…
Abstract— The study of phosphor materials generally focuses on systems with a high quantum efficiency. On the other hand, a thorough understanding why certain systems show very low quantum yield will certainly, lead to a better understanding of phosphor materials in general. Here we present studies on cerium‐doped lut…
Experiments were performed to study the permeation of hydrogen isotopes through a membrane of palladium-silver alloy in the temperature range of 353 to 673 K using the co-current double tube method. It is observed that permeation is limited by the diffusion process of hydrogen atoms in the bulk of membrane in the larg…
The predicted quantitative relation between the density and trapping cross section of traps in Si3N4 and the Coulomb repulsion radius in the Wigner crystallization of carriers in localized states is observed experimentally. The absence of ESR for localized electrons and holes in Si3N4 is interpreted on the basis of a…
Phase formation in the system Ca(OH) 2 —Al 2 O 3 —Ca(NO 3 ) 2 —H 2 O was investigated at 25° and 80°e. The formation of an AFt phase was not observed. Three AFm phase were observed: one is the AFm phase previously reported by Kuzel; the remaining two appear not to have been previously identified. The compatibility rel…
Abstract Results are presented of a diagenetic study from the 1300 m thick Oligocene Molasse deposits penetrated by the Thônex geothermal exploration well (Geneva, Switzerland). The x-ray diffraction (XRD) studies of fine-grained rocks indicate the following diagenetic changes: a decrease of illite/smectite (US) expan…
Abstract The effects of yttrium additions on the oxidation behaviour of Fe‐20Cr‐5Al(wt%) alloys have been investigated in oxidation tests and cyclic heating‐element tests at temperatures ranging from 1100 to 1400°C in air. Experimental results showed that the oxidation resistance of the alloys depends sensitively on t…
The Isothermal Dendritic Growth Experiment (IDGE) is an orbital space flight experiment, launched by NASA, in March, 1994, as part of the United States Microgravity Payload (USMP-2). The IDGE provided accurately measured dendritic growth rates, tip radii of curvature, and morphological observations of ultra-pure succi…
Rayleigh hysteresis, as defined by the well-known Rayleigh relations, has been observed not only when magnetization of pyrrhotite-bearing KTB-samples is measured in parallel to a weak dc magnetic field, but also in experiments where field and measuring directions have been adjusted strictly perpendicularly to each oth…
The origin of second harmonic generation (SHG) of Li3VO4 was investigated from the viewpoint of the band structure by using the tight-binding method. The tight-binding parameters were optimized to reproduce the density of states (DOS) obtained from x ray photoelectron spectroscopy and the optical band gap. Although Li…
Abstract A series of α‐methylene‐ N ‐alkyl‐2‐pyrrolidone monomers with varying length of the alkyl chain from C 1 to C 8 were synthesised. The monomers were subjected to free radical polymerisation to yield a range of polymers each with a different balance in hydrophobic/hydrophilic properties originating from the pyr…
<div class="htmlview paragraph">In a joint research project between industrial companies and a number of research institutes, nitrogen oxide conversion in oxygen containing exhaust gas has been investigated according to the following procedure</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph"> <ul class="list…
The effect of oxygen ion implantation on the electrical and optical properties of Sn-doped In2O3 (ITO) thin films, sputter deposited from a planar magnetron source on glass substrates, is described. The films were characterized as a function of the implanted dose (3×1013–1×1016 O+ cm−2) by Hall effect, resistivity, an…
The reaction of an aqueous solution of formaldehyde with gelatin dispersed in a potassium bromide pellet is monitored in real time by FT-IR spectroscopy. Principal component regression analysis of the spectra recorded at different times is carried out. On the whole, the latter results and the observed spectral changes…