Materials Literature
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One of the key processing concerns in the integration of thin film capacitors into the existing VLSI for ferroelectric or dynamic random access memory applications is the patterning of these films and the electrodes. In this work, we have identified a suitable etch gas for dry etching of PZT thin films on electrodes.…
Abstract Polyaniline (PAN) samples of high intrinsic oxidation states, such as the nigraniline (NA) and pernigraniline (PNA) oxidation states, were prepared by chemical oxidation of the 50% oxidized emeraldine (EM) base and the fully reduced leucoemeraldine (LM) base, according to the methods reported in the recent li…
Deterioration and degradation of organic polymeric structures are the basic mechanisms ensuring recycling of the elements of the biosphere. All organic polymers are, in principle, degradable, but even nature combines inert and degradable components in the same material, as, for example, in wood. Wood consists of degra…
NAD(+)-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae is an allosterically regulated enzyme that exists as an octamer composed of two nonidentical subunits, designated IDH1 and IDH2. To determine the contribution of each subunit to regulation and catalysis, a conserved serine residue at the proposed…
sol with particle diameter of 5 nm was applied to the surface of both chemically and mechanically polished polycrystalline nickel. The oxidation kinetics during early stages of formation have been measured with an ultrahigh vacuum manometric system in the temperature range of 873 to 1073 K and oxygen pressure . The ce…
Göhr-Rosenthal S, Schmitt-Willich H, Ebert W, Conrad J. The demonstration of human tumors on nude mice using gadolinium-labelled monoclonal antibodies for magnetic resonance imaging. Invest Radiol 1993;28:789-795. rational and objectives. The authors describe the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of a tumor in a nude m…
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReaction of Cp*MoCl4 and Cp*WCl4 with H2O, H2S, amines, and hydrazines. Formation of the trioxo anions [Cp*Mo(O)3]- and [Cp*W(O)3]- and the trisulfido anion [Cp*W(S)3]-Melinda S. Rau, Christine M. Kretz, Gregory L. Geoffroy, and Arnold L. RheingoldCite this: Organometallics…
We report the development of a methodology for the comprehensive characterization of the linear- and nonlinear-optical properties of a model copolymer, Disperse Red 1, covalently functionalized to a methyl methacrylate backbone. From refractive-index and electro-optic measurements, we have evaluated both fundamental m…
The basic mechanisms determining the formation of optical anisotropy in stretched, thin polymer dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) films with micron sized nematic droplets have been studied experimentally and the results analysed in terms of a proposed theoretical model. The experiments were performed on PDLC films with…
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation and characterization of polyurethanes based on a series of fluorinated diolsRobert V. Honeychuck, Tai Ho, Kenneth J. Wynne, and Robin A. NissanCite this: Chem. Mater. 1993, 5, 9, 1299–1306Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1993Publication History Published onl…
We have previously shown that the concentration of Gd-DTPA as a function of time ([Gd-DTPA]t(t)) in the myocardium following an intravenous bolus injection of Gd-DTPA can be modeled using the Modified Kety Equation. Fitting this model to measurements of [Gd-DTPA]t(t) in a region of myocardium would allow the determina…
Abstract New aromatic diamines having kink and crank structures, 2,2′‐bis( p ‐aminophenoxy)biphenyl and 2,2′‐bis( p ‐aminophenoxy)‐1,1′‐binaphthyl, were synthesized by the reaction of p ‐fluoronitrobenzene with biphenyl‐2,2′‐diol and 2,2′‐dihydroxy‐1,1′‐binaphthyl, respectively, followed by catalytic reduction. Biphen…
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation, characterization, and reactivity of scandium octaethylporphyrin complexes. X-ray crystal structures of (OEP)ScCH3, (OEP)ScCH(SiMe3)2, (OEP)Sc(.eta.5-C9H7), and [(OEP)Sc]2(.mu.-OH)2John Arnold, Caroline G. Hoffman, Denisha Y. Dawson, and Frederick J. HollanderCit…
Ferroelectric lead-zirconate-titanate (PZT) thin films were successfully fabricated by the multi-ion-beam sputtering technique in an oxygen ambient at a low substrate temperature of 415°C. By inserting lead-lanthanum-titanate (PLT) buffer layers between substrates and PZT films, the perovskite-PZT thin films could be…
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStabilization of the dipole alignment of poled nonlinear optical polymers by ultrastructure synthesisChengzeng Xu, Bo Wu, Olga Todorova, Larry R. Dalton, Yongqiang Shi, Peter M. Ranon, and William H. SteierCite this: Macromolecules 1993, 26, 20, 5303–5309Publication Date (Pr…
Abstract A new, generalized, method for measuring the steric size of ligands and substituents has been developed. The method is based on the solid angle concept, the solid angle being generated by the pairwise addition of spheres (atoms). The problem of overlapping spheres (atoms) has been solved analytically and the…
A simple criterion as a first approximation to predict the formation of elementary colloids of implants in SiO 2 glasses by ion implantation has been proposed. The criterion predicts that colloid formation occurs when free energy of formation of oxides of implants is greater than that of SiO 2 at ∼3000 K, which corres…
Studies of imprint properties have been carried out by electrical evaluation with pulse switching response and circuit modeling on sol-gel lead zirconate titanate (PZT) ferroelectric thin-film capacitors. The imprint properties were evaluated by measuring the switched and nonswitched charges after three different oper…
Durch quantitative Cyanethylierung von Polyaminen kombiniert mit katalytischer Hydrierung der gebildeten Polynitrile sind Poly(trimethylenimin)‐Kaskadenmoleküle in hohen Ausbeuten und hohen Reinheiten zugänglich. Ausgehend von Ammoniak wurden mit dieser Reaktionssequenz hochsymmetrische Dendrimere bis zur fünften Gene…
(Ba 0.5 Sr 0.5 )TiO 3 thin films (200-300 nm) were deposited on Pt-coated Si substrates by laser ablation at 500 and 650°C. The leakage currents of crystalline films grown at 650°C were found to be higher than those of amorphous films grown at 500°C. The crystalline thin films showed higher surface roughness than the…