Materials Literature
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Syntheses and properties of aliphatic and aromatic polythioesters (PTEs) were reviewed including polythiocarbonates and polythiourethanes. The content is subdivided into the following sections: PTEs of aliphatic α‐mercapto carboxylic acid, PTEs of ω‐mercapto carboxylic acids, PTEs derived from α,ω‐dimercapto alkanes,…
Sintering in air of a commercially available granulated zirconia powder has been investigated using vertical dilatometer tests. Using several heating rates and the formalism of the constant rate of heating method, it has been possible to determine the apparent activation energy for the mechanism controlling densificat…
A theory of yielding and failure for homogeneous and isotropic materials is given. The theory is calibrated by two independent, measurable properties and from those it predicts possible failure for any given state of stress. It also differentiates between ductile yielding and brittle failure. The explicit ductile-brit…
The need to simultaneously reduce vehicle emissions and increase the safety of passengers is encouraging the automotive industry to incorporate new technologies and materials into today's vehicles. To remain competitive, the steel industry has developed steel grades with increased energy absorbing properties allowing…
A thickness dependent nano-crystallization in ultra-thin Ge 2 Sb 2 Te 5 films was studied by in-situ exothermal and isothermal electrical resistivity measurements. When the film thickness is below 20 nm, an exponential increase of the crystallization temperature with decreasing film thickness was found. Furthermore, t…
Merits and demerits of existing methods of hydrogen storage are discussed. Special attention is given a metal hydride technology based on the ability of metals, intermetallic compounds, and alloys for reversible reaction with hydrogen. It is noted that the basic advantages of metal hydrides are a high volumetric hydro…
Nanoparticles are becoming increasingly important in many areas, including catalysis, biomedical applications, and information storage. Their unique size-dependent properties make these materials superior. Using the Atomic Force Microscope (AFM), individual particles and groups of particles can be resolved and unlike…
Increasing worldwide environmental awareness is encouraging scientific research into developing cheaper, more sustainable materials. Industrial hemp fiber is one of the strongest and stiffest available natural fibers [K. L. Pickering, M. Priest, T. Watts, G. Beckermann, and S. N. Alam, J. Adv. Mater. 37, 15 (2005) ] a…
The creep behavior of Hi‐Nicalon, Hi‐Nicalon S, and Tyranno SA3 fibers is investigated at temperatures up to 1700°C. Tensile tests were carried out on a high‐capability fiber testing apparatus in which the fiber is heated uniformly under vacuum. Analysis of initial microstructure and composition of fibers was performe…
A new boundary-integral method is proposed to study the deformation of drops between two parallel walls. The free-space Green’s functions are extended to obey the no-slip condition at the walls. The current formulation is limited to drops with viscosity equal to the matrix fluid, but can be extended to study the effec…
The use of absorbable orthopedic implants has increased substantially during the last decade. Currently, most of them are fabricated from poly-L-lactide (PLLA), its co-polymers, or mixtures with other constituents. In vivo, PLLA persists for years after its surgical role has ended, which is confirmed by a long-term hi…
The split-winding arrangement requires special short-circuit design considerations. During short-circuit conditions, there is a considerable distortion of the leakage field, which in turn produces high axial short-circuit forces. This paper deals with the computation and analysis of electromagnetic forces in windings…
This paper reports on a new cross-equipment study on the charging phenomena of solid insulators, evaluating the influence of charging on high-voltage equipment such as gas insulated switchgear (GIS), oil-immersed transformers, gas-insulated transformers and high-voltage vacuum-insulated equipment. New parameters of no…
The composition dependent variation of domain configuration and size in Pb(Zr1−xTix)O3 (PZT) has been investigated in a detailed transmission electron microscopy study in the range of 0.40⩽x⩽0.55. Single phase composition, Pb(Zr0.45Ti0.55)O3 and Pb(Zr0.60Ti0.40)O3, the former belonging to the tetragonal, the latter to…
We investigate the optical properties of four different samples of ZnO nanocrystals, with a particle size average varying from 70 up to 380nm. The photoluminescence (PL) of all samples shows at low temperature an emission band around 3.31eV, which is several orders of magnitude stronger compared to the PL of bulk ZnO…
Acoustically driven bubbles can develop shape instabilities and, if forced sufficiently strongly, distort greatly and break up. Perturbation theory provides some insight as to how these nonspherical shape modes grow initially but loses validity for large deformations. To validate the perturbation theory, we use a nume…
Palladium nanoparticles with defined morphologies were synthesized using a seed-mediated approach in the presence of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). This seeding technique, already applied to Ag and Au nanostructures, was successfully extended here to Pd, a noble metal with important applications in catalysis.…
Indium tin oxide (ITO) thin films have been grown onto soda-lime glass substrates by sputtering at room temperature with various oxygen to argon partial pressure ratios. After deposition, the samples have been annealed at temperatures ranging from 100to500°C in nitrogen or in air. The structure, optical, and electrica…
Single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) exhibit resonant absorption localized in specific spectral regions. To expand the light spectrum that can be utilized by SWCNTs, we have encapsulated squarylium dye into SWCNTs and clarified its microscopic structure and photosensitizing function. X-ray diffraction and polarizatio…
Ceramic materials have been extensively used in armor applications for both personnel and vehicle protection. As the types of threats have diversified recently, e.g., improvised explosive devices and explosively formed projectiles, a proper set of ceramic material selection criteria is needed to design and optimize co…