Materials Literature
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Mechanisms of tetragonal phase stabilisation, at room temperature, in nanocrystalline (< 100 nm), submicrometre-sized (100 nm–1 μm), and bulk zirconia (ZrO2) (>1 μm) are reviewed in detail. The merits, demerits and scope of each individual model are outlined. The analysis of the literature shows that, although the mec…
Abstract We investigate the influence of annealing conditions on the physical properties of thin films of poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene)/poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT/PSS). In particular, we describe how annealing temperature, the ambient gas, and choice of dopant affect the conductivity, morphology, and work funct…
BACKGROUND: Promoting survival of transplanted cells or endogenous precursors is an important goal. We hypothesized that a novel approach to promote vascularization would be to create injectable microenvironments within the myocardium that recruit endothelial cells and promote their survival and organization. METHODS…
Abstract The conductivity of a poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) film can be enhanced by more than two orders of magnitude by adding a compound with two or more polar groups, such as ethylene glycol, meso ‐erythritol (1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroxybutane), or 2‐nitroenthanol, to an aqueous sol…
Nanometer sized silver particles were synthesized by inert gas condensation and co-condensation techniques. Both techniques are based on the evaporation of a metal into an inert atmosphere with the subsequent cooling for the nucleation and growth of the nanoparticles. The antibacterial efficiency of the nanoparticles…
Samples of commercially pure nickel have been annealed in air at 0.68T(m) (900 degrees C) for 1, 2 and 3 h in order to study the relationship between the grain growth characteristics and grain boundary misorientation, particularly annealing twins (Sigma 3). Orientation mapping by electron backscatter diffraction was u…
In the wake of the recent upsurge in demand for natural gas, more efficient gas transport through gas transport pipelines has been required. One way of responding to this problem is through pipeline upgrading. Where such upgrading takes place, application of pipes with the same diameter and same plate thickness means…
The development of subgrain boundary misorientations with strain in NaCl polycrystals has been investigated. At low strains, a power law relationship exists between strain and average misorientations. The accuracy of this relationship is assessed in terms of material and electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) proce…
We have grown a series of ${[{\mathrm{PbMg}}_{1∕3}{\mathrm{Nb}}_{2∕3}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}]}_{(1\ensuremath{-}x)\ensuremath{\Lambda}}∕{[{\mathrm{PbTiO}}_{3}]}_{x\ensuremath{\Lambda}}({\mathrm{PMN}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}∕{\mathrm{PT}}_{x})$ superlattices for which the composition varies, $0.1\ensuremath{\leqslant}x\ensuremath{…
The concept of a ferroelastic glass, the mechanical analog of dipole and spin glasses, is introduced. The structural mechanism leading to a ferroelastic glass state, which is formed by a distribution of randomly oriented nanoscale ferroelastic domains, is described and justified theoretically. It is shown to provide a…
Heteroepitaxial Na0.5K0.5NbO3(1.5μm)/La0.5Sr0.5CoO3(0.5μm) (NKN/LSCO) films were grown on an Al2O3(011̱2) single crystal (r-cut sapphire) by rf-magnetron sputtering (NKN) and pulsed laser deposition (LSCO) techniques. Prism coupling waveguide refractometry has been employed to characterize vertical capacitive electro-…
An efficient method of preparing biodegradable and biocompatible multiblock copolymers from lactic acid and polyethylene glycol is proposed.
Accurate first-principles calculations of soft x-ray absorption spectra are compared with experimental data obtained for the ion-implanted MnxGe1−x ferromagnetic semiconductor. The well-defined features in the spectra are recognized as a signature of homogeneous Mn dilution within the Ge host, as demonstrated by compa…
The state-of-the-art in investigations into the supramolecular catalysis by metal complexes using macrocyclic receptor molecules is surveyed. The emphasis is placed on issues related to the design of novel metal complex catalysts capable of molecular recognition and to their applications in organic synthesis, in parti…
A network structure of a ferromagnetic metallic (FMM)∕charge-ordered insulator (COI) mixed phase manganite has been obtained by annealing a 150Å Pr0.65(Ca0.75Sr0.25)0.35MnO3 film under tensile strain on a SrTiO3 substrate. Under the same deposition and annealing conditions, a film deposited on a LaAlO3 substrate, whic…
The ferroelectric phase transition in the Aurivillius phase ${\mathrm{Bi}}_{3}{\mathrm{Ti}}_{1.5}{\mathrm{W}}_{0.5}{\mathrm{O}}_{9}$ was studied by high-resolution neutron powder diffraction. Below the ferroelectric Curie temperature ${T}_{c}=735\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}\mathrm{C}$…
Abstract Measurements of the thicknesses of SiO 2 on Si in the range 1.5–8 nm can be made by XPS with precisions as high as 0.025 nm at one standard deviation, but in the past this has been overshadowed by systematic uncertainties of the order of 20% of the thickness arising from the uncertainty in the relevant electr…
Spin excitation spectrum is studied in the double-exchange model in the presence of disorder. Spin wave approximation is applied in the lowest order of $1∕S$ expansion. The disorder causes anomalies in the spin excitation spectrum such as broadening, branching, anticrossing with gap opening. The origin of the anomalie…
Ab initio absorption spectra and optical gaps for hydrogen-passivated Ge nanocrystals are calculated using time-dependent density functional theory within the adiabatic local density approximation. The results are compared to previous effective mass, tight-binding, empirical pseudopotential, and ``$\ensuremath{\Delta}…
Silver and silver iodide nanocrystals have been synthesized in the water-in-CO(2) reverse microemulsions formed by the commonly used surfactant, sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl)sulfosuccinate (AOT), in the presence of 2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5-octafluoro-1-pentanol as cosurfactant. The nanometer-sized aqueous domains in the microemulsi…