Materials Literature
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Substrate‐type planar solid oxide fuel cells with an effective electrode area of 10 cm 2 and reference electrodes were fabricated and run for 211 and 1015 h to investigate Ni‐YSZ anode degradation. An Ni‐YSZ anode degradation of 14 μV/h at a current density of 0.3 A/cm 2 was determined by impedance analysis. Mercury p…
The macroscopic dielectric function in the random-phase-approximation without local field effect has been implemented using the local density approximation with an all electron, full-potential linear muffin-tin orbital basis-set. This method is used to investigate the optical properties of the semiconductors Si, Ge, a…
A minimal model is constructed for two-dimensional fracture propagation. The heterogeneous process zone is presumed to suppress stress relaxation rate, leading to non-quasistatic behavior. Using the Yoffe solution, I construct and solve a dynamical equation for the tip stress. I discuss a generic tip velocity response…
Ca2+ compartments, Ca2+ transport and the calcification process were studied by using 45Ca as a tracer. The biological model used was clones of Stylophora pistillata developed into microcolonies whose skeleton is entirely covered by tissues, thus avoiding direct radioisotope exchange between the sea water and the skel…
ABSTRACT Fish myofibrillar protein‐based biopackagings were developed from a film‐forming solution cast on plates. Film thickness was modulated by variations in “apparent thickness” of the cast solution to evaluate effects on the main functional properties. The thickness variations seemed to have no influence on optic…
Factors that contribute to the uncertainty in quantitative analyses of surfaces by x-ray photoemission spectroscopy and Auger electron spectroscopy are considered. Quantification is usually based on the convenient but quite arbitrary assumption that the sample is homogeneous within the outermost few nanometers. This a…
When metals are cooled, they often undergo a phase transition to a state exhibiting a new type of order. Metals such as iron and nickel become ferromagnetic below temperatures of several hundred degrees Celsius; electron spins order to produce a net magnetization in zero field. Other metals, such as lead and aluminum,…
Effective thermophysical properties of ceramic materials (mainly insulating materials) with porosity (II) >30% are reviewed. Nonmonotonic pressure and temperature dependences of the effective thermal conductivity (X) are analyzed, based on the ceramic microstructure (pores, cracks, and grain boundaries present in m…
The effect of filler content and size on the mechanical properties of a new type of wood-based filler, oil palm wood flour (OPWF), in polypropylene (PP) was investigated. Four sizes of OPWF filler at different filler loadings were compounded using a twin screw compounder. All sizes of filler showed a similar trend of…
For type-Ib diamond neutron irradiated and annealed at 900\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C, it has been found that the nitrogen vacancy (NV) center is reduced in density with increasing irradiation in the dose range above a certain value, and instead the 575 and 594 nm centers appear abruptly. This fact is interpr…
Thin films of the cubic spinel were prepared by the sol‐gel route from a Co(II) sulfate precursor using a dip‐coating technique. The films (50 to 60 nm thick) were deposited on indium‐tin oxide glass substrates with a single dipping. The electrochromic properties of the films were studied in an aqueous alkaline electr…
A theoretical investigation of resonant scattering from two-dimensional gratings is presented. Abrupt changes of diffraction efficiency over a small parameter range have been observed by rigorous coupled-wave analysis. The peak reflection or transmission efficiencies can approach unity. This phenomenon is explained in…
Abstract Microcellular semicrystalline polymers such as poly(ethylene terephthalate) show great promise for engineering applications because of their unique properties, particularly at higher densities. Recent studies reveal some high density microcellular polymers have longer fatigue lives and/or equal strengths to t…
A new technique for depositing nanocrystalline titanium dioxide thin films on electronically conducting glass was developed. This technique is a two‐stage process: ( i ) cathodic electrodeposition of titanium oxyhydroxide gel film from aqueous solution containing a Ti precursor and ( ii ) subsequent heat‐treatment of…
Changes occurring in the degree of crystallinity and lamellar thickness distribution of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) samples during dissolution in water were investigated. PVA samples of three different molecular weights were crystallized by annealing at 90, 110, and 120°C. The initial degrees of crystallinity measured b…
Efficient, electrically tunable, agile, inertialess, near-diffraction-limited one-dimensional optical beam steering is demonstrated at the infrared wavelength of 10.6 microm with a liquid-crystal phased array.
The new crystal structure information system DIAMOND is presented. It handles all kinds of crystallographic databases on PCs including SHELX files and Chemical Information Files (CIF's). DIAMOND, because of its graphics capability, is a powerful tool for establishing structural relationships and for evaluating crystal…
Abstract Morphological development of calcite crystals is related to supersaturation conditions during growth. Crystallization of calcium carbonate (calcite and aragonite) as well as Mg-calcite was studied under controlled supersaturation conditions by the counter diffusion of Ca (super 2+) and CO 3 (super 2-) ions th…
Crystals of tetragonal hen egg-white lysozyme were grown using Advanced Protein Crystallization Facility (APCF) apparatus under a microgravity environment (SpaceHab-01 mission) and ground control conditions. Crystals were grown from NaCl as a crystallizing agent at pH 4.3. The X-ray diffraction patterns of the best di…
Important progressive alterations in chemical bonding are often realized through correlations with shifts in the x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) binding energies of key elements. For example, there are useful general XPS shifting schemes for such systems as oxides, nitrides, halides, and even various functional…