Materials Literature
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Highly conductive polypyrrole complexes obtained from chemical polymerization and oxidation of pyrrole by ${\mathrm{FeCl}}_{3}$ were studied by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Properly deconvoluted Cl 2p core-level spectra of the complexes suggest that the chlorine dopant can exist in three chemical states. Thus rea…
A new liquid-crystalline phase has been discovered in a broad temperature region between the cholesteric and smectic-A phases for the mixture of cholesterylnonanoate and nonyloxybenzoic acid. This phase is a helical smectic A with local smectic ordering, helical macrostructure, significant rigidity in shear deformatio…
The adsorption of triethylgallium on the GaAs (100) (4×1) surface has been studied using the techniques of low energy electron diffraction, x-ray photoelectron and Auger spectroscopies, high resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy and temperature-programmed desorption. Condensed multilayers of the organometallic…
Electronic-structure calculations using the ab initio generalized-valence-bond approach have been used to investigate the structure and bonding of silicon clusters ${\mathrm{Si}}_{3}$--${\mathrm{Si}}_{10}$. While several previous studies of the structures of these clusters have been presented, this is the first to pro…
Optical phase conjungation using an amorphous silicon/ferroelectric-liquid-crystal light modulator shows an optical response of 100 microsec with a diffraction efficiency of 8.5% for an incident optical intensity of 1 mW/cm(2).
Azimuthal diffraction patterns of 1s and 2s photoelectrons, of plasmon-loss peaks and inelastic-background intensities, as well as of medium-energy electrons, are presented for polar angles of 45\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} and 55\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} off the surface normal of a clean Al(001) crys…
The notion of zitterbewegung and the resulting formalism, originally proposed for relativistic quantum dynamics, is applied to describe the acceleration of a nonrelativistic electron moving in a crystal, due to the periodic force experienced. A general linear-combination-of-atomic-orbitals (LCAO) approach is developed…
The electroreflectance spectra of the halogen-bridged mixed-valence Pt complexes, [Pt(ethylenediamine${)}_{2}$][Pt(ethylenediamine${)}_{2}$${\mathit{X}}_{2}$](${\mathrm{ClO}}_{4}$${)}_{4}$ (X=Cl, Br, and I), have been measured. Electric-field-induced new absorption bands that can be assigned to optically forbidden cha…
It is predicted that in a charge-density-wave (CDW) ring-shaped conductor, placed in an external vector-potential field, there should appear a new Aharonov-Bohm contribution to the magnetic susceptibility and the electrical conductivity oscillating as a function of the flux with the period ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Phi}}…
Transparent conductive tin dioxide thin films were prepared by a low-temperature atmospheric-pressure chemical vapor deposition method in air. The raw material was tin(II) trifluoroacetate. At a reaction temperature above 250 °C, polycrystalline thin films were obtained with a high deposition rate. This chemical vapor…
We have studied the electronic structure of MnO by photoemission spectroscopy. Mn 3d--derived emission is found to be confined within \ensuremath{\sim}10 eV of the top of the valence band, and we find no evidence for an intrinsic satellite at higher binding energies. The photoemission intensity of the whole valence ba…
Continuum acoustics allows only three different phonons to be reflected and transmitted for each phonon that is incident on an interface between two materials. We show that a lattice-dynamical theory for dissimilar lattices allows more phonons to be generated at the interface since we must introduce a larger unit cell…
A new Brownian motion simulation technique developed by Torquato and Kim [Appl. Phys. Lett. 55, 1847 (1989)] is applied and further developed to compute ‘‘exactly’’ the effective conductivity σe of n-phase heterogeneous media having phase conductivities σ1, σ2, ..., σn and volume fractions φ1, φ2, ..., φn. The appropr…
The buildup of the internal bias in time and the decrease of the internal bias by forced switching of the polarization by an ac field have been described empirically by various authors. Both time dependencies can now be derived from a simple model, proposed recently by G. Arlt and H. Neumann [Ferroelectrics 87, 109 (1…
The effect of a dense electron-hole plasma on the stability of the diamond lattice of the crystalline group-IV elemental semiconductors C, Si, and Ge is examined with use of a tight-binding model. Such a plasma may result, for example, from a short, intense laser pulse. We find that the transverse-acoustic phonons of…
We have carried out a detailed investigation of liquid carbon (l-C) at T\ensuremath{\simeq}5000 K, and quenched amorphous carbon (a-C) at room temperature, using a first-principles molecular-dynamics method. In this paper we report calculations performed for a fixed density corresponding to low pressures. From our res…
A new slab model approach is examined for the electronic structure calculation of a polar semiconductor surface. Our proposed slab model contains fractionally charged H atoms which completely terminate a noninteresting surface of the slab. We have studied in detail the electronic structure of the polar GaAs(001) surfa…
We report an experimental investigation of the dependence of the lowest exciton energy of CdS clusters (quantum dots) on the cluster size. The cluster diameter is varied from 60 to 10 \AA{}. X-ray diffraction provides definitive identification of the cluster phase and permits a determination of the average cluster siz…
Fourier transform infrared absorption spectroscopy has been utilized to characterize the structure of porous silica gel films, both deposited on c-Si substrates and free standing. The films were either dried at room temperature or subjected to partial densification at 400–450 °C. The spectra of the gel films are compa…
Abstract The chemical incompatibility of infected seawater and formation water has prompted deposition of barium and strontium sulphate scales in producing wells of the Namorado field. The precipitation Squeeze process was chosen as a means of preventing scale formation in this field. The present paper describes tests…