Materials Literature
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Amorphous precipitates of CaCO3 were prepared by reacting a mixed solution of Na2CO3–NaOH with a CaCl2 solution at various pH (≥11.2) at an ambient temperature of 278 K. The precipitates prepared at pH ranging from 11.2 to 13.0 were identified as amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC) by means of TG–DTA, FT-IR spectroscopy…
Intermediate Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells Using a New LaGaO3 Based Oxide Ion Conductor: I. Doped SmCoO3 as a New Cathode Material, Ishihara, Tatsumi, Honda, Miho, Shibayama, Takaaki, Minami, Hiroaki, Nishiguchi, Hiroyasu, Takita, Yusaku
The shape-memory effect is a solid state phenomenon which exploits a reversible phase transformation to repeatedly achieve an initial shape, even after some deformation of the material. Numerous metal alloys exhibit this effect. One of the most widely used shape-memory alloys is TiNi, due to its large range of recover…
To investigate the metabolic link between fatty acid de novo synthesis and polyhydroxyalkanoic acid (PHA) synthesis, we isolated mutants of Pseudomonas putida KT2440 deficient in this metabolic route. The gene phaG was cloned by phenotypic complementation of these mutants; it encoded a protein of 295 amino acids with…
Porous thin-film dielectric insulators with significantly lower dielectric constants are expected to have great impact on the fabrication of ever smaller semiconductor devices and chips with higher packaging densities. Here two routes to the preparation of such nanoporous thin films are presented. A method has been de…
The novel organometallic−inorganic diblock copolymer, poly(ferrocenyldimethylsilane)- b -poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PFS- b -PDMS) (block ratio = 1.0:6.0) ( M n = 35 100 g/mol with a narrow molecular weight distribution M w / M n = 1.10 based upon gel permeation chromatography in THF using polystyrene standards) forms lon…
An improved cathode material for a solid‐oxide fuel cell would be a mixed electronic and oxide‐ion conductor with a good catalytic activity for oxygen reduction at an operating temperature T op ≥ 700°C and a thermal expansion matched to that of the electrolyte and interconnect. We report on the properties of Sr‐ and N…
Crystallization of mesoscale particles by a simple and general methodology is reported here. The versatility of this method is demonstrated by the production of monolayers, bilayers, and multilayers of polystyrene beads (see the scanning electron micrograph shown in the Figure). The method is useful, for example, for…
Ferromagnetic metal-based materials display interesting properties for microwave applications. Here the authors report obtaining ferromagnetic monodisperse particles in the nanometer size range by the polyol process. By accurate control of the particle size the influence of the particle upon the microwave permeability…
We study the dynamics of a ferromagnetic domain wall driven by an external magnetic field through a disordered medium. The avalanchelike motion of the domain walls between pinned configurations produces a noise known as the Barkhausen effect. We discuss experimental results on soft ferromagnetic materials, with refere…
Highly supercooled liquids with soft-core potentials are studied via molecular-dynamics simulations in two and three dimensions in quiescent and sheared conditions. We may define bonds between neighboring particle pairs unambiguously owing to the sharpness of the first peak of the pair correlation functions. Upon stru…
We develop a technique for simulation of the mechanics of micron-scale solid systems: coarse-grained molecular dynamics (CGMD). It captures the important atomistic effects without the computational cost of conventional molecular dynamics (MD). The CGMD equations of motion are derived directly from finite temperature M…
ZnS nanoparticles were prepared by chemical precipitation of Zn2+ with sulfur ions in aqueous solution. The ultraviolet-excited samples reveal detailed structure in the luminescence spectra. A doublet pattern observed in the long wavelength region is attributed to the coexistence of the two crystalline forms in ZnS pa…
In this paper, we present extensive molecular mechanics and molecular dynamics studies on the energy, structure, mechanical and vibrational properties of single-wall carbon nanotubes. In our study we employed an accurate interaction potential derived from quantum mechanics. We explored the stability domains of circula…
Based on recent first-principles computations in perovskite compounds, especially ${\mathrm{BaTiO}}_{3},$ we examine the significance of the Born effective charge concept and contrast it with other atomic charge definitions, either static (Mulliken, Bader, etc.) or dynamical (Callen, Szigeti, etc.). It is shown that s…
We propose the idea of a subwavelength-sized light guide represented by a linear chain of spherical metal nanoparticles in which light is transmitted by electrodynamic interparticle coupling. The light-transport properties of this system are investigated by use of model calculations based on generalized Mie theory. Co…
Damascene Cu electroplating for on-chip metallization, which we conceived and developed in the early 1990s, has been central to IBM's Cu chip interconnection technology. We review here the challenges of filling trenches and vias with Cu without creating a void or seam, and the discovery that electrodeposition can be e…
What properties determine an effective nonlinear optical (NLO) material? These are reviewed and summarized for recently described borate compounds—materials that have proven to be superior to other commonly used NLO materials for UV applications. The Figure shows the arrangement of [B2O5] and [NbO6] groups within the…
Ferroelectric, dielectric and piezoelectric properties of ferroelectric thin films and ceramics are reviewed with the aim of providing an insight into different processes which may affect the behaviour of ferroelectric devices, such as ferroelectric memories and micro-electro-mechanical systems. Taking into considerat…
Electrical conductivity of some alkaline earth vanadate glasses has been reported in the temperature range 80-500 K. It has been observed that the conductivity and the activation energy for different glass compositions did not differ markedly. The general behaviour of the temperature dependence of the conductivity is…