Molecular design of novel liquid crystalline polymers with complex architecture: Macrocyclics and dendrimers
Abstract
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Analytic FITS for partial photoionization cross sections.
We present a compact, uniform and complete set of analytic fits to the partial Hartree-Dirac-Slater photoionization cross sections for the ground state shells of all atoms and ions of elements from H to Zn (Z less-than-or-equal-to 30). Comparison with experiment and theory demonstrates generally high accuracy of the f…
Layered Polyaniline Composites with Cation‐Exchanging Properties for Positive Electrodes of Rechargeable Lithium Batteries
Layered polyaniline/polyaniline‐polyanion composite films (PAn‐X/PAn‐PA) were synthesized by electrochemical oxidation of aniline in aqueous acid solutions ( , ) followed by polymerization in poly(styrene‐4‐sulfonic acid) (PSSH) solutions. The films consist of inner polyaniline (PAn) layers doped with smaller size ani…
Partial discharge plant-monitoring technology: present and future developments
The paper discusses the role of partial discharge measurement in the conditioning monitoring of power plant. Following a discussion of recent developments in partial discharge detection and measurement technologies, the problems and challenges for the future in the different technologies are analysed and discussed. Fo…
The Measurement of the Nematic Order Parameter by X-ray Scattering Reconsidered
This paper reviews and extends the procedure used to measure the nematic order parameter by X-ray scattering. We show that the well-known integral equation derived by Leadbetter and coworkers, relating the scattered intensity I(θ) to the orientational distribution function f(β), can be analytically simplified both in…
Collagen microparticles: Preparation and properties
Collagen microparticles (CMPs) of diameters ranging from about 3 to 40 microns were prepared by the method of emulsifying and cross-linking native collagen. The particle size was mainly controlled by the molecular weight of the collagen used: an increase in denaturation of the collagen resulted in smaller particle siz…
First-Principles Study of Carbon Nanotube Solid-State Packings
In the framework of the density functional theory, we study the energetics and geometry of three-dimensional solids made of single-shell carbon nanotubes. Amongst the investigated forms, a hexagonal packing with an interdistance of 3.14 Å between the tubes is found to be the most stable. We find that the matching of a…
Thermodynamic investigation of the effect of octanol–water mutual miscibility on the partitioning and solubility of some guanine derivatives
The effects of mutual saturation of octanol and water on solute partitioning and solubility have been examined. The partition coefficients and solubilities in octanol, water and mutually saturated octanol–water phases were determined for eight antivirus guanine derivatives. Using the solubility data, enthalpies of fus…
Interpretation of partial discharges at dc voltages
The aim of this paper is to give an overview on partial discharges at dc voltage. A model is presented which describes the stochastic discharge process. The model is experimentally verified for internal discharges and for corona in air. In addition, the classification of discharge patterns is discussed. The 3-dimensio…
Clays: Controlling the Environment
Proceedings of the 10th International Clays Conference, Adelaide, Australia, July 18 to 23, 1993. Clays have provided us with the most active ingredients in soils, with building materials, with pottery and ceramics for both utility and decoration, and with coatings and fillers for paper, among other uses. The unique p…
Manual of methods and procedures for catalyst characterization (Technical Report)
The manual provides details and recommendations concerning the experimental methods used in catalysis. The objective is to provide recommendations on methodology (rational approaches to preparation and measurements). It is not intended to provide specific methods of preparation or measurement, nor is it concerned with…
Ovalbumin is a Component of the Chicken Eggshell Matrix
The protein components of biomineralized structures (matrix proteins) are believed to modulate crystal nucleation and growth, and thereby influence the shape and strength of the final structure. The chicken eggshell contains a complex array of distinct matrix proteins. One of these was found to have similar molecular…
Corrosion for science and engineering
* Corrosion and Society * Enabling Theory for Aqueous Corrosion * Practical Aqueous Corrosion * The Theory of Aqueous Corrosion * Dissimilar Metal Corrosion * Selective Attack * Crevice and Pitting Corrosion: Concentration Cells * Flow-Induced Corrosion * Enabling Theory for Environment-Sensitive Cracking * Environmen…
Growth and structure of supported metal catalyst particles
The applications of supported metal catalysts vary widely, from selective hydrogenation in the fine chemicals industry to the control of vehicle emissions. Yet many basic questions about the structure, activity, and durability of these catalysts remain unanswered. For example, there is still much uncertainty about the…
The Ostwald Rule of Stages
Abstract Crystallization from solutions often starts in such a way that thermodynamically unstable phases appear first followed by recrystallization to thermodynamically stable phases. This empirical observation, called as Ostwald's rule of stages, is explamed here on the basis of structure changes of solutions. Exper…
Recovery and characterization of poly(3-hydroxybutyric acid) synthesized in Alcaligenes eutrophus and recombinant Escherichia coli
We studied recovery of poly(3-hydroxybutyric acid) (PHB) from Alcaligenes eutrophus and a recombinant Escherichia coli strain harboring the A. eutrophus poly(3-hydroxyalkanoic acid) biosynthesis genes. The amount of PHB degraded to a lower-molecular-weight compound in A. eutrophus during the recovery process was signi…
New Approach for the Preparation of Nanoparticles by an Emulsification-Diffusion Method.
A preparation method for nanoparticles based on an emulsification of a benzyl alcohol solution of a polymer in a hydrocolloid-stabilized aqueous solution followed by a dilution of the emulsion with water, was developed. Several process parameters were varied, including the concentration of poly(vinyl alcohol) or gelat…
Digital analysis of partial discharges
In this paper relevant aspects of digital processing of partial discharge (PD) as measured by conventional PD detection methods are discussed. Moreover, a systematic study of PD quantities is presented and discussed within the scope of practical PD analyzers, including recognition of defects in certain HV insulation c…
Combined DRS–RS–EXAFS–XANES–TPR study of supported chromium catalysts
The surface chemistry of supported chromium catalysts (Cr/SiO2· Al2O3) has been systematically investigated as a function of the support composition (Si:Al ratio) and the Cr oxide loading by a combination of diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), Raman spectroscopy (RS), X-ray Absorption spectroscopy (EXAFS–XANES) an…
Biomimetics. Design and Processing of Materials.
Contents: Biomimetics: Natural Materials as Paradigms for Superior Aerospace Systems (F.L. Hedberg and G.K. Haritos). Microstructure of an Insect Cuticle and Its Applications to Advanced Composites (S.L. Gunderson and R.C. Schiavone). Hierarchical Twin Structures and Multiple Tilings in the Nacre of Abalone Shell (M.…