Materials Literature
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Electromagnetic metamorphism is defined as the complete transformation of a scattering object of fixed shape and dimensions from one electromagnetic state such as from a perfect electric conductor (PEC) to a distinctly different state such as a perfect magnetic conductor. At a single frequency every scatterer has five…
The authors show that the azimuthal anchoring properties, strength and memory, of nematic liquid crystals on glass surfaces are intrinsically weak, contrary to what is generally asserted. They are, however, largely increased when adding residual impurities that further deposit onto the substrate, the polymers being mo…
The authors report the observation of numerous (>20) phonon replica peaks in the room temperature photoluminescence spectrum of ZnO nanowires embedded in 50nm diameter pores of an anodic alumina film. The peaks are spaced in energy by ∼54meV, which is the energy of a nonpolar phonon with symmetry E2 in ZnO. The…
In 2003-4 BioRegional Development Group carried out a technical and economic feasibility study of a method of green decortication of hemp and degumming for the production of textile fibre. The study was published in December 2004. Two field trials of the green decortication technology took place in the UK and Australi…
The Born iterative method has been presented to study two-dimensional inverse scattering problems for dielectric objects with the aid of left-handed material (LHM). Super-resolution imaging can be achieved since the LHM slab could amplify evanescent waves emitted from transmitters, which are interacted with the dielec…
Abstract This International Standard specifies a method for evaluating the repeatability and constancy of the intensity scale of X‐ray photoelectron spectrometers, for general analytical purposes, using non‐monochromated Al or Mg X‐rays or monochromated Al X‐rays. It is only applicable to instruments that incorporate…
Spherical Fe–Ga particles were prepared by spark erosion in liquid Ar, which directly incorporated the desirable rapid quench from high temperatures. The compositions of the particles investigated were 15.0, 16.3, and 18.9at.% Ga, respectively, as determined from electron-probe microanalysis, x-ray diffraction, and Mö…
The authors studied the anomalous behaviors of vitreous silica under the combined influence of high temperature and pressure, by using molecular dynamics simulations based on a charge-transfer three-body potential. Accordingly, anomalous properties, such as the minimum in the bulk modulus at ∼2–3GPa and the negative t…
Isotopic substitution in neutron diffraction combined with empirical potential structure refinement simulations has been employed to probe the sites occupied by Fe3+ and Fe2+ in a NaFeSi2O6 glass. This study reveals the presence of two populations of Fe3+ sites. 95% of Fe3+ is in tetrahedral sites (dFe3+–O=1.866±0.001…
Ba ( Zr 0.2 Ti 0.8 ) O 3 (BZT) thin films on Pt(111)∕Ti∕SiO2∕Si(100) substrates without and with CaRuO3 (CRO) buffer layer were fabricated at 650°C in situ by pulsed laser deposition. The BZT thin films showed a dense morphology, many clusters are found on the surface images of BZT/Pt films, which are composed by nano…
A noble separation: The photoinduced reaction of bimetallic nanoparticles to yield nanoprisms involves the phase separation of gold from silver. Ag–Au core/shell and alloy nanoparticles (Ag:Au=10:1–50:1) were used as seeds for the photoinduced formation of nanoprisms. Interestingly, the final products were pure Ag nan…
The structures of a large number of isomers of the sulfur oxides S(n)O with n = 4-9 have been calculated at the G3X(MP2) level of theory. In most cases, homocyclic molecules with exocyclic oxygen atoms in an axial position are the global minimum structures. Perfect agreement is obtained with experimentally determined…
A long-range magnetic ordering transition in cobalt oxide $(\mathrm{CoO})$ was observed around $2.2\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{GPa}$ at room temperature using neutron diffraction. The magnetic structure was type-II antiferromagnetic. High-resolution synchrotron x-ray diffraction showed no evidence of a tetragon…
A liquid crystal (LC) lens prepared using patterned molecular orientations on cell walls is proposed. On each wall, the LC directors in a circular area are aligned to be parallel, while those outside the area are perpendicular, to the wall. A spatially varying director orientation and a lenslike distribution of refrac…
Commercial polysiloxanes filled with alumina nanoparticles and AlN and Si 3 N 4 micropowders have been used for the preparation of β‐SiAlON in nitrogen, at 1450°–1550°C. SiAlON was preceded by intermediate alumino‐silicate phases like mullite and sillimanite. Although reduction and nitridation to β‐SiAlON finally occu…
The effect of monazite on the oxidation of SiC was studied in laboratory and dry air. Monazite inhibited the oxidation of Tyranno‐SA™, Tyranno‐ZX™, Sylramic, and Hi‐Nicalon SiC fibers. Oxidation of pure chemical vapor deposition SiC and undoped SiC single crystals was not inhibited by monazite. Dry oxidation of both u…
Forward bias electron injection into the p side of a p-n homojunction was shown to result in an improved response of the ZnO photodiodes. Injection of about 25C of charge yielded a nearly 2.5-fold increase of photocurrent at 350nm. This improvement was correlated with the increase of the diffusion length of minority e…
The authors report on the fabrication of room-temperature ferrimagnetic semiconductor thin films composed of 0.6FeTiO3∙0.4Fe2O3 solid solution on α-Al2O3 (0001) substrates using a pulsed laser deposition method. A single ordered phase (R3¯ symmetry) is obtained under very limited deposition conditions including oxygen…
Commercially available SiC fibers were coated with monazite (LaPO 4 ) using a continuous vertical coater at 1100°C. Coated fibers were heat treated in dry air, argon, and laboratory air at 1200°C for 1–20 h. The tensile strengths of uncoated and coated fibers were measured and evaluated before and after heat treatment…
The potential applications of polarization graded ferroelectrics as high performance sensors and actuators are theoretically investigated. A static bending can be expected in polarization graded ferroelectric plates, forming a vertical displacement. This is due to the built-in strain gradient that arises from the grad…